Low Income Students Barriers Free Essays

RANIA ZOUHAIR SOC 101 Children living in neediness have many home and network factors that Contribute to performing beneath their potential in education accomplishment. This foundation Knowledge and experience of low-salary understudies starts an education â€Å"achievement gap† That thinks about their proficiency information to that of kids who don't live in destitution. Understanding social class assorted variety upgrades the learning all things considered. We will compose a custom exposition test on Low Income Students Barriers or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now What's more, Class contrasts in youngster raising practices may sound disturbing or misrepresented. Lower-class youngsters are bound to have temperamental family circumstances. Their folks commonly have low-wage occupations and are all the more oftentimes laid off, causing family pressure and progressively subjective control. This paper clarifies how language and mentalities of low pay families go about as hindrances to achievement in instruction. What's more, what sorts of projects or intercessions are generally helpful in defeating those boundaries. Nature where a youngster creates has impacts on language advancement. Accomplishment at school depends vigorously on language for perusing, composing, talking and comprehension. The kids presented to broad jargon and complex linguistic structures all the more rapidly create language and furthermore have a more precise punctuation than youngsters brought up in conditions without complex sentence structure presented to them. Low salary family unit utilizes casual, basic language, in some cases ungrammatical and with constrained clarification and jargon which is utilized between companions or relative. Not at all like working class family who utilizes formal language, when clarification and subtleties are required and they utilizes a more extensive jargon They regularly have had less words addressed them, with shorter expressions. They hear just the most generally happening words. By age 5, the offspring of a parent who is language centered has heard 50,000,000 words expressed rather than the offspring of a parent who isn't language centered. That kid has just heard10,000,000 words (Hart and Risley, 1995). Simultaneously, the way that poor youngsters are topographically moved in neighborhoods that are isolated by race and social class presents uncommon difficulties for instruction strategy, given that kids have generally gone to neighborhood schools. Another gigantic factor that influences low pay understudy accomplishment is their parent’s disposition towards instruction. ow pay guardians don't esteem instruction similarly, that white collar class guardians do, and their kids are bound to drop out of school early low salary guardians are bound to work extended periods of time, so it is hard for them to visit schools, and they may likewise consider training to be of less significance since they may have discovered their own instruction had little importance to their employments. That’s why some low pay understudies are less persuaded in school and along these lines they have lower level of accomplishment Contrary to Middle class individuals who profoundly esteem training, and start elevating its incentive to their kids at a youthful age. For example, white collar class individuals will for the most part train their kid to peruse before arriving at young. As the youngster advances through school the guardians will elevate training to their kid by empowering perusing, schoolwork and extra-curricular exercises. The exertion set forth by guardians biggerly affects their children’s instructive accomplishment than the exertion used by either educators or the understudies themselves. The substance of parents’ discussions with kids matters as well. While the discussions guardians have with their youngsters change as children become more seasoned, the impact of these trades on scholastic accomplishment stays solid. The â€Å"No Child Left Behind† Educational law Act of 2001 (2002) was made as a methods for, understudy figuring out how to close the accomplishment hole between low pay and center salary understudies, and to ensure that all understudies become scholastically capable in their evaluation level. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) has rigid responsibility quantifies and incorporates the Reading First activity, which centers around five territories of proficiency for starting perusers: phonemic mindfulness, phonics, familiarity, jargon, and appreciation. Perusing is key to this enactment Among the projects that were set to conquer the low salary student’s accomplishment hole, and to uphold the â€Å"No kid left Behind† law, we quote the KIPP schools and the ACE program The KIPP schools the Knowledge Is Power Program, is a national system of free, open-enlistment, school preliminary open contract schools intended for low pay families, with a reputation of getting ready understudies in underserved networks for achievement in school and throughout everyday life. They manufacture an association among guardians, understudies, and instructors that puts learning first. By giving extraordinary instructors, additional time in school learning, and a solid culture of accomplishment. , KIPP is helping all understudies climb the mountain to and through school. The Knowledge Is Power Program (KIPP). chools try to effectively connect with understudies and guardians in the instructive procedure grow the time and exertion understudies dedicate to their examinations, strengthen students’ social abilities and positive practices, and significantly improve their scholastic accomplishment Students in KIPP schools invest more energy in learning, both in scholastics and extracurricular exercises, every day, week, and year to improve their aptitudes, and to diminish the accomplishment hole between low salary understudies and white collar class understudy. The KIPP schools will in general demonstrate that low salary understudies can likewise prevail since they got the consideration and care they need. There is no contending that causing progress to school to can be trying for some understudies. The ACE program has demonstrated to assist members with confronting issue during the main semester The ACE program (accomplishing an advanced degree) is a broadly perceived program that objectives understudies who may not think about setting off for college and achieving a baccalaureate degree to be a reachable objective. Upon graduation from secondary school an ACE understudy may win up to 24 transferable school attributes The ACE Program Is intended to assist understudies with making a smooth progress from secondary school through the junior colleges on to a college and finishing of a bachelor’s certificate. Selects secondary school understudies in their sophomore year to partake in the program in their secondary school junior and senior years Ace understudies are tried out simultaneous school courses as secondary school youngsters and seniors Students go to school classes throughout the mid year and on Saturdays throughout the fall and spring semesters Students can win up to 24 school credits when they move on from secondary school. The ACE program keeps an eye on first, to expand the quantity of understudies moving on from secondary school, second, to build the quantity of understudies proceeding to school, and third to build the quantity of understudies winning a degree or authentication. .Neediness impacts kid advancement. Families have little pay; can't bear the cost of numerous instructive and school exercises, which are imperative to the advancement of the children’s learning aptitude. Likewise the impact of the home condition and school condition on a child’s execution is articulated. Family qualities foresee early understanding aptitudes, and Low-pay understudies regularly have home situations with material difficulties and asset related drawbacks that influence their relational peculiarities. Youngsters from low to pay families are off guard. They are twice as liable to be kept down and almost certain not to move on from secondary school. Step by step instructions to refer to Low Income Students Barriers, Essays

4 key steps to starting a business - according to financial experts

4 key strides to beginning a business - as per money related specialists Consideration business people: Are you anxious to launch your own business? Obviously, the thought of working for yourself and taking your thought, sustaining it with some difficult work and creativity, and seizing a little karma so as to transform it into a fruitful endeavor is an energizing possibility and you might be tingling to simply go ahead despite any potential risks and go for it as fast as could reasonably be expected. All things considered, it might be to your greatest advantage to back things off a piece, temper your energy with a little alert, and step forward. All things considered, the business world is brimming with individuals who began with fantastic designs for their new organizations yet had their pioneering dreams taken out of circle by cruel reality, bombed executions, and inadequately conceived and badly coordinated decisions.According to an ongoing article by Investopedia, â€Å"The Small Business Association expresses that solitary 30% of new organizations come up short during the initial two years of being open, half during the initial five years and 66% during the initial 10. The SBA proceeds to express that solitary 25% make it to 15 years or more. Be that as it may, not these organizations need to come up short. With the correct arranging, financing and adaptability, organizations have a superior possibility of succeeding.†So, maybe the main inquiry you ought to consider posing to yourself when intending to begin another business is on the off chance that you need to be on the triumphant or losing side of these rates. Of course, that may not be a troublesome one to reply, however whether you’re ready to do the imperative measure of cautious arranging when you’re at the basic beginning phases of getting your business off the ground may more dubious. In the event that you’re hoping to stack the chances in support of you, at that point think about the accompanying methodologies on the best way to begin a pr ivate venture, as indicated by budgetary specialists who’ve seen everything and know the most widely recognized missteps and traps to avoid.Define your valueYou may have only the best aims for needing to go into business, however would you say you are certain it’s one that’s ready to create esteem (think income)? Without a doubt, cash isn’t everything, except it is a basic segment to making your business take off and be maintainable, so ensure that your endeavor is one that has a sensible possibility of returning on your speculation of blood, sweat, tears, and start-up capital.Back up your expectations with examination that venture a reasonable and practical direction into the dark sooner or later in time. Additionally make certain to characterize how your business thought and brand stand apart from the opposition, disturb your industry, and contribute meaningfully to the world-in such a case that they don’t, at that point what’s the point?P lan (and plan some more)Enthusiasm is an incredible thing to have when beginning another endeavor, yet it will once in a while continue a business past starting departure. Get grounded and ensure you plan-both for the short term and for what lies ahead. Temper your enterprising energy with a strong marketable strategy that legitimizes your objectives with obviously reachable achievements. (In the event that you’re going to court startup capital from outside sources, this is a flat out must.)Also, set aside the effort to do some long-go projections for your business (attempt one-and five-year intends to begin); these can generally be reconsidered as your business thought develops and advances, yet they will be an enormous assistance in deciding if you’re on target for progress or a crash course with failure.Get helpNo individual is an island, and your business shouldn’t be one either. Smart business visionaries know to use their systems to exploit the information , ability, and experience of individuals in their circles with an end goal to make their business thoughts. Notwithstanding your industry, maintaining a business takes a wide and shifted set of aptitudes, and except if you’re an unstoppable pioneering wizard and handyman, help yourself out and depend on the mastery of others to profit your new pursuit. Don’t be reluctant to pay for some outside counsel and direction if need be-think of it as a sound investment.Learn from mistakesThe truth is, practically nobody gets everything spot on when beginning a business. Be that as it may, regularly, the distinction between an effective business and a lemon is a business person who gains from their missteps. You can either self-evaluate consistently, observe what turned out badly, and cause a quick course to correction†¦ or sit back, maintain a strategic distance from self-appraisal, and stay destined to continue rehashing disappointments. Consider the stumbles that occur e n route as important learning minutes, and use them furthering your potential benefit as you walk forward.

Unblock Pen Drive USB Port In Colleges

Unblock Pen Drive USB Port In Colleges Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Unblock Pen Drive USB Port In CollegesUpdated On 14/01/2016Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : SecurityShort URL : http://hbb.me/1PtsRU5 CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogMany colleges, including mine, blocks USB Ports. By this we are not able to use a pen drive or other USB enabled portable devices. The ways by which the Administrator disables the USB ports are many. In this article, I mentioned some ways to unblock Pen Drive USB Port in Colleges. Hope you wont misuse them. Here are the three ways.Unblock Pen Drive USB Port In Colleges1. By Disabling USB Ports from Device Manager.2. By Tweaking Registry values for USB Mass Storage Devices.3. By Un-installing the USB Mass Storage Drivers.Unlock USB Ports From Device Manager1. Go to Run and type Devmgmt.msc and press Enter.2. Go to Universal Serial Bus Controller. See if there are any red colored cross? If yes, right click and enable those USB Ports.Now try and use the pen drive. If it works fine, then great, else read the next two steps also.Correct Value For USB Mass Storage Device1. Go to Start Run , type “regedit” and press enter, this will open registry editor.2. Navigate to the key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetServicesUSBSTORNow remove and connect the pen drive again, it should work fine, if it does not, then it means the drivers are missing. Follow the steps below to solve the issue.READLabnol: Our Theories On What HappenedInstall USB Mass Storage Device DriversIn case the USB Mass Storage drivers wont be installed, Windows will prompt you to install the driver. In such a situation, Windows will launch Hardware Update Wizard. If you have USB Mass storage drivers, you can install it and restart the computer, it should work. If not, you can download the USB Mass Storage drivers here. Download and unzip the driver files on your desktop.i) In hardware update wizard, Select the option to install the driver from a specific location and click next.ii) Now on this screen, click Browse and choose the path on which you have unzipped the drivers and press ok.Note: Windows may give you a warning that the drivers has not passed Windows logo testing, so stop installation or Continue anyway, Select Continue anyway to complete installation.Now restart your computer and re-insert your pen drive, it should now work.

Henrik Isbens A Dolls House Essay - 921 Words

Ibsens A Dolls House In Ibsen’s â€Å"A Doll’s House†, in Act Two Scene 6, Nora’s deceptive behaviour and desperation reaches its climax due to the arrival of the letter. This is because the letter contains the means she used to get hold of the money. During the time when the play took place, society frowned upon women asserting themselves. Women were supposed to play the role in which they supported their husbands, took care of their children and made sure that everything around the house was perfect. Work, politics and decisions were left to the males. Nora broke the law and decided to borrow money to pay for her husband’s treatment. She did not borrow the money in the ‘right’ way instead she forged her father’s signature. By doing†¦show more content†¦Associated with her deception is the situation she is now in, her desperation, which causes an avalanche of deceitful behaviour and thoughts. When Helmer asks if she is trying on her costume , her agreement is followed by â€Å"I’ m going to look beautiful for you,† which reveals and sums up her deception. The truth is that she is trying to sort out her next moves with Mrs Linde in how to keep Helmer away from that letterbox. Conceivably, Nora is beautiful as commented by Helmer, but what lies underneath her beauty are, the complicated thoughts and the idea of forgery. Nora is a character who acts on her impulse and cannot think of the consequences from her impulsiveness. She is frantic and very hysterical. She talks about a miracle. A miracle, used in this way, is a complex word probably multi-layered with meaning. Nevertheless, this might suggest about a kind of action contrary to the laws of society at the time the play was set. She might be thinking about Helmer taking the blame and paying Krogstad the money. This is impossible because Helmer is too proud. He does not want to give in to women even if she is his wife. He is someone obsessed with his reputation- a common obsession of males because it was a way of gaining a respectable position in society. This was made worse when he was promoted and gained a position of social esteem. Another idea might be her committing suicide. The audience is aware that she cannot doShow MoreRelatedEssay on Henrik Isbens A Dolls House1015 Words   |  5 Pages Independence nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Most of us live a life where we do what we want and when we want without anyone telling us how to live our lives. This wasn’t the case in A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen, where he illustrates to us how one woman lives a life through her father and husband. Throughout the play we see how a once childish like woman gains her independence and a life of her own. Ibsen shows us a very realistic play that demonstrates how on the outside Nora and Torvald seem toRead More Henrik Isbens A Dolls House Essay1126 Words   |  5 Pages Henrik Ibsen’s play A Doll House examines a woman’s struggle for independence in her marriage and social world. Through the use of character change, Ibsen conveys his theme that by breaking away from all social expectations, we can be true to ourselves. When Ibsen presents Nora Helmer, we see a â€Å"perfect† wife, who lives in a â€Å"perfect† house with a â€Å"perfect† husband and chil dren. The Helmer children have a nanny that raises them. By having the nanny, Nora has the freedom to come and go as sheRead More Henrik Isbens A Dolls House Essay1246 Words   |  5 Pages Nora is a captivating character in Ibsens A Dolls House. She swings between extremes: she is either very happy or immensely depressed, prosperous or completely desperate, wise or naive, impotent or purposeful. You can understand this range in Nora, because she staggers between the person she pretends to be and the one she someday hopes to become. Throughout the play, Nora is portrayed as subordinate to her male counterpart, Torvald. As most other men during this time, Torvald believed that womenRead More Henrik Isbens A Dolls House Essay739 Words   |  3 Pages A Dolls House By Henrik Ibsen Dramatic Critique The P’s Person: Nora, Torvald Helmer’s wife, and mother of Ivar, Bob, and Emmy. Peculiar trait: On the surface Nora’s peculiar trait seems to be her obsession for money. Her internal peculiar trait is that she desires to become significant to her husband. She spends money on material objects to decorate their home and dress up the family. The impression of the home appears perfect, like a doll’s house. Passion: Nora’s passion isRead MoreEssay on Henrik Isbens A Dolls House1485 Words   |  6 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Doll’s House, a play by Henrik Ibsen, tells the story of Nora, the wife of Torvald Helmer, who is an adult living as a child, kept as a doll by her husband. She is expected to be content and happy living in the world Torvald has created for her. By studying the play and comparing and contrasting the versions presented in the video and the live performance, one can analyze the different aspects of it. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ibsen’s purpose for writing thisRead More Henrik Isbens A Dolls House Essays733 Words   |  3 Pages In many literary works, there are characters in which portray both similarities and differences. In the Play A Dolls House, by Henrik Ibsen, two of the characters have many oppositions and congruencies. These characters go by the names of Nora Helmer and Mrs. Linde. Ibsen characterizes these women by describing their comparable and contrasting personalities. He does this by describing their financial situations as well as their family lives. He describes these women, as opposites while in factRead More Henrik Isbens A Dolls House Essay1014 Words   |  5 Pages Henrik Ibsenamp;#8217;s A Dollamp;#8217;s House, considers a very delicate situation experienced by a Scandinavian family in 1879. Nora Helmer, the main character and adored wife of Torvald faces a life-altering dilemma. She has to decide whether to remain with her obsessive husband in his sheltered home, playing the part of a doll, or take the initiative to leave and seek out her own individuality. There are three minor characters that have a significant impact on the final decision that NoraRead More Henrik Isbens A Dolls House Essay907 Words   |  4 Pages A Doll’s House nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In past history, society has been both very prejudiced and traditional with its view of gender roles. Often times a woman would not have had the same right to something as a man did. Many women however went against the law and tradition to do what they thought was right. In Henrik Ibsen’s play, A Doll’s House, Nora does something that is unimaginable during the time period. Nora’s husband Torvald believes he is the man of the house and that his wifeRead More Henrik Isbens A Dolls House Essay1195 Words   |  5 Pageshusband, he becomes understandably agitated; in his frustration he shares the outside world with her, the ignorance of the serious business world, and destroys her innocence and self-esteem. This disillusion marks the final destructive blow to her dolls house. Their ideal home including their marriage and parenting has been a fabrication for the sake of society. Noras decision to leave this false life behind and discover for herself what is real is directly symbolic of womans ultimate realizationRead More Transformation of Nora in Henrik Isbens A Dolls House Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesTransformation of Nora in Henrik Isbens A Dolls House During the time in which Henrik Isbens play, A Doll?s House, took place society frowned upon women asserting themselves. Women were supposed to play a role in which they supported their husbands, took care of their children, and made sure everything was perfect around the house. Nora is portrayed as a doll throughout the play until she realizes the truth about the world she lives in, and cuts herself free. Nora Helmer was a delicate

Reckless Driving Essay - 1064 Words

As Americans we love our cars, trucks, SUVs, and motorbikes for many different reasons. One major reason is that they are an easy and convenient mobility; a personal mode of transportation. It is rather hard to imagine what this county would be like without all the roads and vehicles on them. This is abundantly evident in Arizona, where the majority of us drive to most all of our activities from going to work or taking the kids for an ice cream. We jump into our vehicle and go. However, a curious thing often happens when we get in our car, truck and SUVs. We sometimes change turning into someone different when behind the wheel of our vehicle. We can become inconsiderate and aggressive to other drivers; at times even becoming rude, crude,†¦show more content†¦They are failure to yield the right of way, reckless, carless, erratic driving, failure to obey traffic signs, and other traffic control devices, and making improper turns (AAA Foundation (2009). Arizona law makers took notice of the dangers that are created by aggressive drivers. The lawmakers amended the â€Å"Reckless Driving Section and amended the name of the statute 28-695 to Reckless and Aggressive Driving. Arizona statute defines aggressive driving as a situation in which a person commits a violation of speeding and at least two other traffic violations (i.e., failure to obey traffic control devices, improper passing, driving off the pavement or traveled portion of the highway, following too close, failure to yield right-of-way, or driving in a way that is an immediate hazard to another person or vehicle).† (ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY , para. 2). This was an important step allow law enforcement a tool to make the roads safer. The serious problem is we should be trying to be safer on our own. The question that should be asked is why are so many people are compelled to be dangerous drivers? It could be that there is a sense of invincibility when they are in control of a big powerful machine. This is often the case with younger male drivers, who enjoy the thrill of dangerous driving. In other instances normally calm, law abiding drivers snap in a fit of rage. This road rage can turn a driver from calm to instantly a monster behind the wheel,Show MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Reckless Driving1173 Words   |  5 Pages In the United States, Reckless driving is the number one cause of teenage death in the nation. Reckless driving can be classified as anything from speeding and swerving, to purposely trying to run someone over, or hurt them while driving. In America, there are countless organizations calling to help end the high death rate in teenagers that reckless driving takes. People such as Parents, Drivers Education Instructors and even state legislators have realized the problem and are seeking reform.Read MoreReckless Driving Research Paper1772 Words   |  8 PagesReckless Driving One of the more serious issues that is becoming more and more of a bigger problem in the South Coast today is reckless driving. What reckless driving is is driving in a way that puts people and property in harms way. A reckless driving offense can be tacked onto or used in lieu of other offenses like speeding. Some of the most common types of reckless driving are; driving under the influence, drowsy driving, and phone usage while driving. Reckless driving is one cause of deathRead MoreReckless Driving in My Neighborhood1299 Words   |  6 PagesReckless Driving In My Neighborhood Nancy S. Young COMM105 Gayla Nelson March 13, 2006 Reckless Driving in My Neighborhood Our neighborhood is a place where we should be comfortable letting our children play, without having to worry about them getting hit by a reckless driver. If our children are in their on yard, there is still a chance for a speedy driver to loose control and hit one of them. On the street that I live on there is a great deal of children, of all ages, thatRead MoreCase Report On Reckless Driving In The City Of Belle Plaine1552 Words   |  7 PagesOn 11/06/2017 at about 17:01 hours I was dispatched to a report of a reckless driver in the area of Union St and Line St in the City of Belle Plaine. As I made my way to the area dispatched advised a silver van was seen smoking on the side of the road and a female was standing outside of it yelling. A second vehicle was reportedly leaving the area northbound on Line St. I began to make my way to the area and Belle Plaine Police Sgt. Barry advised he was out with a silver Dodge Neon at the rail roadRead MoreClassification - Types of Drivers Essay787 Words   |  4 PagesClassification Essay There are three types of drivers in this world: competent, overcautious, and reckless. After driving for many years in frustrating rush hour traffic, one might find there are three types of drivers, competent drivers who keep the flow going, over cautious drivers who cause slow and backed up traffic, and reckless drivers who weave in and out of traffic causing one near death experience after another. Trying to sort out what type of driver a person might be is an extremely challengingRead MoreThe Driving Down The Road941 Words   |  4 Pagesthe years of driving. Some don’t use blinkers, others tend to go over the speed limit, and others don’t wear seatbelts. Majority of those drivers can fall into one of the following categories: the carefree reckless driver, the overly cautious driver, and the normal driver which is the most preferred. We have all seen it, you are driving down the road and then out of nowhere a car comes flying past you in the other lane. That is a prime example of what we consider a carefree and reckless driver. YouRead MoreSavages of the Road Essay examples1141 Words   |  5 PagesSelf and Other† (Forni 543). Most people get taught manners from a very young age but for some reason people do not apply these manners to the road. When I received my license at the age of sixteen I was so excited to get on the road and start driving. I was so ready to be independent and go where ever I wanted to. But I had no idea how rude my fellow drivers were. I had people cutting me off, honking their horns for no reason, pulling out in front of me like I was invisible, and neglecting toRead MoreClassification: Drivers1439 Words   |  6 Pagesto pay attention to the speed limit what so ever Reckless-stay out of their way because they don’t stop for anything Cars-most drivers like this have cars that can handle their driving preferences Third classification/division: Oblivious Distracted Drivers Oblivious- usually all over the road; not paying attention Hard to get around- their speed fluxgates so much because of the distraction High Risk- make stupid driving decisions due to distraction General conclusion about topicRead MoreWhy Teens Must Learn For Becoming Safe Drivers1978 Words   |  8 Pagesthe age of sixteen have a license and drive a car, the problem is not everyone can handle their car in an elegant manor. Most teenagers on the road do not have much experience on driving, especially in a stressful situation like trying to merge onto a busy roadway. In order to entice new drivers on practicing safe driving tactics, numerous written reports, peer reviews, and articles establishing the fact that teens are not simply prepared to drive we be discussed. Teens have been proven to get intoRead MoreRoad Rage And Aggressive Driving1228 Words   |  5 PagesNate Finck Mrs. Waller English I February 18, 2015 Road Rage and Aggressive Driving Imagine you are in a road jam. Ahead of you, you can see miles of cars. Radio is on and you’re very, very frustrated. You need to get home to your family and you still have miles to go, inch by inch. At this point in time you’re very distraught. The car is a medium of transportation. Where once you could walk from two to six miles per hour, now you can go up to speeds of seventy-five miles per hour, and get to your

Reporting, Meetings And Timing Period - 1419 Words

REPORTING, MEETINGS TIMING PERIOD Project meetings are the most effective way of communication and distribute information among project stakeholders. Basically, it is an event which involves everyone who shares information or has any interest or influence in the execution of the project by discussing issues, accepting or rejecting any proposals and making group decisions to deliver the project faster and more efficient according to the planned baselines and expected outcomes. (Eric McConnell, 2010). Progress monthly reports: Within seven (7) calendar days after the end of every month a comprehensive project progress report shall be provided covering every significant aspect of the works. Progress Monthly Reports shall include: 1. Executive summary. 2. Safety statistics for the month illustrating safety related trends. 3. Any environmental incidents including details of incident, impact and corrective actions. 4. Summary of any potential and actual issues, including with respect to schedule, safety, environment, quality, cost, interfaces etc. And proposed remedial actions. 5. Narrative of major events and incidents. 6. Color photographs, showing progress in each significant area of work at site. 7. The works schedule updated to the month of reporting. 8. Where critical path activities are behind schedule a description of the actions taken or to be taken to ensure project completion date occurs by the time required. 9. Narrative on the most significant changes, additions,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Fraudulent Financial Reporting Schemes1289 Words   |  6 PagesFraudulent Financial Reporting Schemes Abstract Routine examinations, audits, or internal control procedures, do not reveal most accounting fraud. Only 20% is revealed by way of auditing, however whistle blowing accounts for most revealed accounting fraud. Financial statement fraud will usually occur in such schemes as: fictitious revenues, timing differences, concealed liabilities amp; expense, improper asset valuation, or asset/revenue overstatements (just to name a few), (Frempong, 2012)Read MoreSubsequent Events At The End Of The Accounting Period1574 Words   |  7 PagesEvents Subsequent events are events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date, but before the financial statements are issued or available to be issued(FASB, 2009). Auditors must evaluate subsequent events at the end of the accounting period and discuss material items with the auditing team. There are two types of subsequent events, recognized and non-recognized(FASB, 2008). Recognized subsequent events are those that provide additional evidence about the conditions that existed on theRead MoreThe Security Exchange Commission Filed Charges Against Rite Aid1747 Words   |  7 Pagesits income and every quarter from May 1997 to May 1999.† (SEC Announces Fraud Charges Against Former Rite Aid Senior Management) they also alleged that there were related party transactions that were never reported as well as finance committee meetings had had the minutes fabricated by Grass. The Securities and Exchange Commission is looking to have several punishments placed on the executives . â€Å"The commission is seeking this disgorgement of annual bonuses and imposition of civil penalties againstRead MoreThe Value Of Cash Flow For The Financial Year 2015964 Words   |  4 Pagesmethods are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at each financial year end. The company’s investment properties in Australia and properties held in joint venture entities are all subject to a semi-annual review to a fair market value every reporting period. The properties were independently valued made by external valuers or reviewed internally by the Property Review Committee and the directors of the company which shows that it is in accordance with the Accounting Standards on measurement afterRead MoreEssay about Purposes of Measuring and Reporting Systems for Companies1034 Words   |  5 Pages1. There are three key measuring and reporting systems for any company. Describe each of these and their purpose: Cash Flow Statement: A cash flow statement is a month by month statement of anticipated cash in against cash out. They assess the amount, timing and predictability of cash inflows and cash outflows and are used as the basis for budgeting and business planning. It provides a sharper picture of a companys ability to pay creditors and finance growth. Each section of the cash flow statementRead MoreThe Distribution Of Annual Net Income Scaled By The Market Value At The Beginning Of The Year1618 Words   |  7 Pagesdefines real earnings management (RM) to be the timing of investment or financial decisions with the direct intention of altering reported earnings or some subset of it. RM is a category of earnings management accomplished by changing the firms’ underlying operations, as opposed to changing accounting methods in reporting. Gunny (2005) focused on 4 major types of RM activities; decreasing discretionary RD expense, decreasing discretionary SGA expense, timing the sale of fixed assets to rep ort gains andRead MoreCase Report: Hms Pinafore1717 Words   |  7 Pagescostumes, advertising and any other service needed. Francis and his team will observe the exam period on mid December and also the Christmas holiday season as the University will be closed. Francis will have to make a network plan, identify the critical activities and execute the plan accordingly. From now on, we will meet with Francis and his team bi-weekly to follow-up the plan and ensure the timing and quality of the event. I. Process Elements /Table of Content Read MoreLong Distance Discount Services ( Ldds )1460 Words   |  6 Pagesethical accounting practices and having a strong corporate governance system in place. 2. Earnings Management (Q1A) Earnings management can be defined as the act of disclosing an earnings figure to stakeholders that has been reached after carefully timing certain economic events in order to have a positive influence on the reported figures (Degeorge et al 1999). 2.1 Motivations for Earnings Management Research has pointed out that managers choose to manage earnings due reasons such as capital marketRead MoreInvestigating The Auditor s Responsibility1731 Words   |  7 Pagesfraud that can act as a lead to the auditor in identifying fraud. Fraud is misappropriation and misuse of the company s assets, revenues and other resources. There are various types of fraud that can be committed with financial statements, including timing differences, fictitious revenues, concealed liabilities, improper disclosures, and improper asset valuation. These fraud schemes can be prevented and detected using a variety of audit techniques that are applied depending on the type of audit thatRead MoreA Brief Analysis Of The Real Earnings Management ( Rem ) And Off Balance Sheet Financing ( Obsf )2406 Words   |  10 PagesManagement (REM) and Off-balance Sheet Financing (OBSF) Real Earnings Management (REM) Real earnings management is defined as the real activities manipulation that diverges from the company’s regular operational practices with the primary purpose of meeting near-term earnings goal (Yijiang Zhao et al, 2012). REM is regarded as a short-sighted behaviour because it manipulates real activities, reducing companies’ long-term cash flow to increase short-run earnings (Roychowdhury, 2006). Thus, there is a

River Rejuvenation and Landforms free essay sample

Describe and explain the formation of landforms resulting from rejuvenation. (15 marks) River rejuvenation is caused by a drop in sea level, which means a river has further to go to get to the sea and therefore has more energy. This means that the river stages all go back one. Isostatic shift is when the land rises relative to the sea level, caused by the melting of ice sheets. Eustatic shift is when the sea level falls relative to the land, caused by the creation of ice sheets. A landform which is formed through river rejuvenation is knick points. A knick point is a sudden break or irregularity in a river long profile where gradient increases suddenly. When the base level falls the river begins to cut down to its new base level with renewed energy. These will move back upstream by headward erosion. A knick point is often marked by a waterfall. We will write a custom essay sample on River Rejuvenation and Landforms or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another landform that is formed is river terraces. They mark the level of old floodplains which is now left at a higher level after a river has been rejuvenated. River terraces can form by dynamic or climatic causes. The process of river rejuvenation gives the channel more gravitational potential energy which allows more vertical erosion. This allows the river to cut its channel down through the former floodplain. River terraces can either be paired or unpaired. Paried river terraces are at the same level either side of the channel. Compared to unpaired river terraces which have slower cutting and can be at different levels either side of the channel. Incised meanders are another landform that is formed through rejuvenation. Meanders may become incised or deepened. Rejuvenation provides more energy for vertical erosion. It is this increased vertical erosion which cuts large scars into the landscape. There are two types of incised meanders; entrenched and ingrown. Ingrown meander occurs when the vertical erosion is occurring at a slow rate; this allows some lateral erosion too. Here, the outer bends of the meander become deeper and have steeper cliffs. The inner bends have a more gentle slip off slope due to lower rates of erosion. The cross section of an ingrown meander is asymmetrical whereas an entrenched meander’s section is symmetrical. Entrenched meanders have a quicker rate of vertical erosion compared to ingrown meanders.

Term Paper on Nestle Company Essay Example

Term Paper on Nestle Company Essay Submission of term paper on Nestle Company Dear Madam, The term paper at your hand is a report on Nestle Company. You assigned us to prepare this task as the part of this course requirement. While writing this term paper we have tried our best to follow your instruction given in class. This term paper will fulfill the requirements of the course and help us to learn the practical experience of preparing a term paper.We sincerely hope that this term paper will meet your expectations and it’s explanation will demonstrate our ability to prepare a term paper. This term paper has been prepared by us for the first time and also within a short time, for this reason there might be some errors. If you find any such errors in this term paper we apologize for that. We hope this term paper will be up to the level of your satisfaction and open to provide any clarification on this term paper. Sincerely yours AcknowledgementWe are very thankful to Almighty Allah who gave us the opportunity, c ourage and insight to explore more knowledge to complete this whole and for his blessings that have brightened in all parts of our lives and our parents whose prayers always supported us in every task. It is a great opportunity for us to write on a subject like â€Å"Marketing Strategy Of Nestle Company†. At the time of writing this term paper we had gone through many books n websites which helped us to easily get acquainted with this new topic. We were actually focusing on the topics which were easy for us to understand the subject.We acknowledge with great gratitude to the senior lecturer Kashfia Ahmed our respective teacher, who has always been helpful in making us understand different systems of how to create this term paper. We thank our team partners for their participation towards writing this term paper. We also thank all the people who directly and indirectly helped to finish this term paper. Table Of Content Introduction Page: 01 Company Profile Page: 03 Marketing M ix Page: 04 Segmentation Page: 12 Targeting Page: 17Positioning Page: 22 Conclusion Page: 37 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Nestle is undoubtedly one of the most proficient food company all over the world. The employees at Nestle have finagled to retain their standards to the most high-pitched level possible in the market. They make sure of the fact that the products of Nestle are definitely the BEST TO USE. Nestle has an assortment of products to offer and they all are the best of their types. For this project our main concern was to study the strategies followed by Nestle in regard to the marketing strategy.We got some information from internet about the overall history and background of the company. We tried to cover all the main aspects of our course starting from some basic concepts to the complex ones. Now days for any company to progress in the market its marketing strategies are of supreme importance and that is the reason we opted for Nestle to try and recognize what exceptions they wer e doing to maintain their top position in the market. In Finding and Analysis we have described the marketing techniques observed at Nestle and then also did our analysis on these observed techniques.

Hyundai Strategic Analysis and its Business in South Africa The WritePass Journal

Hyundai Strategic Analysis and its Business in South Africa Introduction Hyundai Strategic Analysis and its Business in South Africa Introduction What is the Hyundai Motor Company (HMC)South Africa and consumer (Target Market)I20 Hyundai car (market offering)Primary data and Secondary dataWhat is the benefit of primary data?The conclusionBibliographyRelated Introduction In recent times, it is sure that the importance of marketing research has increased due to serious competition between companies. That is why there are a plenty of method for information research in order to understand the mind of consumer which can be useful to make the plans and strategy for producing of marketing offering needed by consumer. In addition, through the researching of marketing, the company can build up the priority way to be connected in terms of closes between company and consumer. Therefore, most of companies in the world have tried to concentrate on the marketing area by investing a lot of money to investigate for gaining specific information which affects to increase a profit. In this essay, Firstly, the organisation selected is the company of Hyundai Motor. Secondly, target market is South Africa. (sourse:www.autoblog.com/media/2006/06/hyundai.jpg) What is the Hyundai Motor Company (HMC) Hyundai Motor Company (HMC) is one of the most competitive companies in Korea. From 1960s to the early 1980s, Korean government supported automobile industry through special policies and laws like Automobile Industry Protection Law and A Long term Plan to Promote the Automobile industry in order to boost the economy after the Korean War(1950-1953). While developing continuously with this support, HMC started to export their technique and products to other countries. Their first export was carried out in 1980s in Quebec, Canada. However, their first attempt was unsuccessful closing their plant rather early and struggled to succeed again in India in 1998. Now, HMC is a global company which could survive among other companies in competitive relation: KIA and DAEWOO during economic recession and has continued to develop from both inside and outside of Korea. (A review by Russell et al. 2006) South Africa and consumer (Target Market) According to the table it can be seen below, it show that the growth of rating of economy in South Africa has developed rapidly. It means that for motor company the South African can be consumer marketing area to get a profit.   (Source:   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_South_Africa) In addition, South Africa has launched a programme called Black Economy Empowerment, since 1994. This programme is aimed at promote the Black People who have more disadvantages relatively under the circumstance of apartheid economically. Despite some criticism on this programme, it plays a crucial role in developing South Africas economy. To be concrete, it encourages companies being run by black owners, especially the Petroleum and Liquid Fuels (PLF) and Mining industry to achieve economic growth within some years. (A reviewed by Stefano Ponte et al 2007) With this series of economic strategy, South Africa has founded more growing economic system and increasing the black peoples right gradually. From this information, it can be known that the quality of life style of Black People in South Africa among Africa is developing due to policy of government which support Black People. As a result, the people supported by BEE policy might have became middle class who get a confidence economically and the ability to buy products. Briefly, it can be said that this group can be great market if the HMC is aimed at there. I20 Hyundai car (market offering) In mind of consumer, it is sure that the extent of safety of product is main issue. I20 is the motor produced which is one of the most safeties cars in Hyundai motor company. I20 contains of both the condition of safety and modern design including superb interior made from material which feel people comfortable. I20 is the prestigious European National Car Assessment Programme 5 star which proves the quality of safety. In addition, it is cheaper than other motor companies. (I20 may be required hyundai.com/in/en/Showroom/Flash/SRFOVERVIEW/DF_IN_SR_BJ_080313131438.html , no date) It will be able to have a competitiveness of product to survive in business market if it is sold in South Africa. However, the Hyundai motor company need to have other market strategy for getting more powerful endurance. One example is that they put specific brand image and soul into I20 by using advertisement and giving people t-shirt drawn the picture and logo of I20 to connect with consumer. In conclusion, it should reach on the target group who became middle class in South Africa who has economical ability because of BEE policy established in time of Nelson Mandela. In addition, it should be focus on group which has educated under parent affected by BEE. They get a sense of selecting the car designed as modern and up to date and elegant. (Source: Http://www.hyundai.com/in/en/Showroom/Flash/SRF/DF_IN_SR_BJ_080313131453) Primary data and Secondary data Generally, there are three types of information the company can obtain: Internal data, Marketing intelligence, and Marketing research. (The view proposed by Philip Kotler 2010 P.126-131).Three kind of information can be divided into two methods: Primary data, and Secondary data. Basically, the primary data is related to marketing research. Secondary data also is connected to marketing intelligence and internal data. When it comes to the principle of marketing, the mean of primary can be classified as ‘it consists of information gathered for the special research plan’. (Philip Kotler 2010 P.131) The secondary data can be defined as ‘it consists of information that already exists somewhere having been collected for another purpose’. Philip Kotler 2010 P.131) Secondary data can be consists of two sorts of source: internal source and external sources. Examples of internal source are company reports, previous company research, salesperson feedback and customer feedback. The examples of external source are the published research, trade organisation, syndicated research and government source. Primary data collection is divided into four types of collection: research approaches, contact methods and sampling plan and research instrument. (Philip Kotler 2010 P.133-142) Firstly, the research approaches consists of four types of researches: observational research, ethnographic research, survey research and experimental research. The observational research can be the technique to collect the primary data by observing the people in term of action and circumstance. The ethnographic research is to use the professional discover for understanding of natural the environment of consumer. The survey of research is generally the most useful skills for knowing of knowledge and attitude and preference. The experimental research is of collection general information. When it comes to contact method in a marketing research, generally, it is linked to the way of online to pick up the thought of consumer. The benefits of contact method by online are that it is cheap and speed. The representati ve examples of contact Methods are Mail and Telephone and personal interviewing. (Philip Kotler 2010 P.135) According to principle of marketing, the definition of sample can be determined as ‘a segment of the population selected for marketing research to represent the population as a whole.’ (Philip Kotler 2010 P.139) In order to use this tactics, first of all, the company should consider who people to be selected for survey are. In addition it should be took into account how many people will be research as well as how the people can be chosen. Furthermore, the research instrument is questionnaires that it is general way by using phone and online. (Philip Kotler 2010 P.139-142) What is the benefit of primary data? Basically, there are advantages and disadvantages both primary data and secondary data. Compared with primary data, there are a number of secondary data so that it can be of use for the company faced with problem, indicating a way for overcoming of problem with developing of the understanding of problem. (Illustrations of the Secondary VS Primary Market research can be found online. allbusiness.com/marketing/market-research/1310-1.html) However, there are some problems in a secondary data up to whether its information is relevant with problem of company or not. Therefore it is necessary for the company to consider the extent of relevant, accurate, up to date and impartial with the problem faced with company. (Philip Kotler 2010 P.133) On the other hand, the main benefit of primary data is to get the information for target group in the time of makeing new products, which affect the company get competitiveness for winning against competitive company. (Illustrations of the Secondary VS Primary Market research can be found online. allbusiness.com/marketing/market-research/1310-1.html) In addition, this method will become the protection of wall for loss of profit by preparing the situation carried out. From the primary data, the company can obtain fulfilling conditions of information in term of accurate, up to date, relevant.   (Source:http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~renglish/370/notes/chapt08/index.htm) The conclusion For company both secondary data and primary data should be need. Even though the cost of making of primary data is expensive but help the company to succeed against competitive company. (Illustrations of the Secondary VS Primary Market research can be found online. allbusiness.com/marketing/market-research/1310-1.html) For improving of marketing research skill, firstly, the company has to define what the problem is and the target marketing is. In addition, should   be created new idea what the market place is and the target consumer is as well as considering of which product the consumer want to buy. If company build up the creative strategy for specific target market with consumer, it will be able to succeed. Bibliography RUSSELL D. LANSBURY*, SEUNG-HO KWON** CHUNGSOK SUH (2006) ‘Globalization and Employment Relations in the Korean Auto Industry: The Case of the Hyundai Motor Company in Korea, Canada and India’ Vol. 12, No. 2, 131–147, EBSCO (Online), available at (assessed: April 2006) Stefano Ponte, Simon Roberts and Lance van Sittert (2007) ‘Black Economic Empowerment’, Business and the State in South Vol. 38, Issue 5, p933-955. 23p. EBSCO (Online), (assessed: ep2007) Philip Kotler, Gary Armstrong 2010 Principle of Marketing, Thirteenth Edition, p 126-142.PEARSON allbusiness.com/marketing/market-research/1310-1.html (no date and Author) hyundai.com/in/en/Showroom/Flash/SRFOVERVIEW/DF_IN_SR_BJ_080313131438.html (No date and Author) http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~renglish/370/notes/chapt08/index.htm Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_South_Africa [/level-freee-rstricted]

New Forms of Employment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

New Forms of Employment - Essay Example These phrases have in common their definition of employment relations that differ from typical work arrangements in which it was normally implied that work was implemented full-time, would last for an indefinite period, and was fulfilled at the employer's office strictly according to the employer's instruction. Typical work arrangements were the model in a lot of industrial states for much of the twentieth century and were the foundation of the structure within which employment law, bargaining, and security systems functioned. Reforms beginning at the end of twentieth century created the situation that led countries, companies, and employees to look for more flexibility in employment. As a result, the usual employment relationship started changing (Galbraith, 2004, p. 42; Houseman & Osawa, 1995, p. 10). Worldwide economic reforms increased competition and indecision among companies and made them to push for larger earnings and to be more adaptable in setting relations with their workers and responding to customers. Slow-moving economic development resulted in high unemployment rate that made it obvious, particularly in Europe, that economies were unable to create a sufficient amount of jobs to offer full-time salary employment for all employees (Keeley, 2001, p. 214). The adoption of atypical employment was facilitated by technical developments in communication and information systems that made it simple for companies to specialize their manufacture, bring temporary workers together quickly for assignment s, and count more on outside contractors. Employment laws created to protect permanent workers also fueled the development in atypical work by making employers pass up the mandates and expenses connected with these laws (Brown et al. 2000, p. 13). So too did demographic reforms in the composition of the work force, such more married women and old people working, who frequently preferred the flexibility obtainable through atypical employment arrangements (Gellerman, 1990, p. 122). Therefore, if to evaluate temporary employees and so-called "multifunctional full-time workers" (those who do most part of the work on constant basis), the former is obviously more beneficial and profitable. Atypical work relations are not new. Work arrangements that did not correspond the model of full-time work always existed, and history is full of instances of peripheral work forces and flexible labor markets where the work is unbalanced and temporary (Gratton et al., 1999, p. 74). For example, in the contracting system of the United States in the 19th century, management provided equipment and space in the plant, supplied raw material and monetary resources, and set for the sale of the product while contractors were accountable for manufacture and hired the employers, paid them and controlled them (Jackson & Schuler 1995, p. 237).

Religion and Theology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Religion and Theology - Essay Example Religion typically appeals to emotional values of a person as opposed to the intellectual values. Believers always tend to think that an emotional reason for believers is not worthy. A person may be identified according to his/her religion in many ways, such as the dressing codes, the speech of a person and their lifestyle. You can identify a person religion due to the way the person dresses, some religion are strict in the believer’s mode of dressing and therefore are against other types of dressing while others do not care about the dressing mode.the speech of a person can also make you to differentiate people according to their religion for instance Muslims usually include Muhammad in between their conversations while Christians include Jesus Christ, this can help one to differentiate between a Muslim and a Christian. The name of a person can suggest the religion of the respective person (Neusner, 304). For instance the Christians name their children according to the names in the bible. This are only but a few ways one can be identified in regard to the religion he/she belongs to. Despite the difference in religions and beliefs most people believe in on e true God. Muslim is one among the many religions. The Muslims believe in Muhammad as the messenger of God. They believe in Quran as the only revelation that is not changed with human influence. Though they agree that there are other revelation but they argue that the other revelation have been altered with time thus remaining with the Quran as the perfect one. The Muslims are tied up by various religious concepts and practices this includes fasting in various seasons such as the Ramadan and alms giving. During their fasting period they dedicate themselves in helping the poor and the needy, this is not usually considered as a charity work thus it is a religious requirement that must be respected by all Muslims. They usually take this as the best moment to be near to God and do his work. Their fasting always starts from dawn and ends at dusk at wich time they ought not to take anything even a drink, pregnant women and the sick people are usually exempted from the fasting because the y can not stay for long hours without food. They always pray five times in a day, the five pillars of worship has always been the concept of worship and they stick unto it. Their religion also insists that one must have a trip to Mecca once in a one’s lifetime, at the least. The rituals done during the trip to Mecca include having a walk seven times rounds the Kaaba, if possible one should make sure he/she touches the black stone, they usually run in between mount. Safa and mount marwa seven times continuous, in addition to the above rituals a Muslim is also supposed to symbolically stone the devil in mina. They not only assemble in the mosque for their prayers but also meet there to study different things in regard to life. Children classes are also held in the mosque, Muslims always believe that a child should be taught while still young. When going to the toilet the Muslims usually carries a jerican of water to wash themselves, they do this to maintain cleanliness unlike m any religions that their believers use the tissue papers. This seems so interesting but attending their worshipping service is more interesting though not easy if you are a non Muslim to be granted the permission. The Muslims worship every Friday at 1.00 pm, before starting their worshiping session the women are separated from the men. They always have strict rules regarding fornication and hence prevent the intermingling of men and women to the greatest extent possible. This is why they usually separates them during the worshipping session to

Statement of Cash Flow Essay Example for Free

Statement of Cash Flow Essay The importance of cash the cash flow statement help businesses and creditors understand how liquid a company is. Team A discussed some important factors about the statement of cash flow. The purpose of the statement of cash flow and how it is used in accounting is explained. The direct and indirect method of preparing a statement is used. Steps in preparation and classification are explained. The team also examines things that they struggled with and also things that they were comfortable with. The purpose of the statement of cash flow Statement of cash flows purpose is to provide information of cash payment, cash receipt of a business during a period. It also provides answer to question for future investors wanting to make investment in the company. The investors will looks at the business cash flow statement â€Å"where did the cash come from during the period, what was the cash used for during the period, what was the change in the cash balance during the period† (Kieso, Weygandt, Warfield, 2010, p. 198). This shows the business economic and solvency which is more attracted to the investors. The statement of cash flow reports has four major categories, and they are 1) Cash effect of operating during a period. 2) Investing transactions transaction. 3) Financing transaction and 4) the net cash increase or decrease during the period. Between the four every aspect of a business transaction is covered. Statement of cash flow documents shows incoming and outgoing cash of the business. The document makes available a direction in which help guide decision of potential investor, reader, or lender understand the company financial report. Because this document is prepared last it will show a company income statement, balance sheet, owner equity statement, as the result, the report adds validity and accountability to the company financial statements. For example, investors, analysts, potential investors, stockholders, and lender use the statement cash flow report to evaluate the financial strength of the business. How the statement of cash flow used in accounting A company will use the statement of cash flows to illustrate cash payments and receipt payments for a specific period. This report shows how cash changes because of transactions that occur in daily operations such as investment transactions, financing transactions. This report will illustrate to investors and managers the level of liquid resources the company has available. Understanding a company’s cash flow will show the source of cash, the uses for the cash spent, and the balance of cash at the end of the period. This report will tie the information given on the income statement and on the balance sheet. The combination information provided in these statements provides a company’s inflows and outflows of cash. The statement of cash flows removes transactions not related to cash events and allows a person to look at the areas within the business that generate cash or the areas that cause a loss of cash (Luft, 2012). Analyzing the statement of cash flow gives investors and managers a history of how the cash earned and how the cash was used along with the amount of cash remaining at the end of the month. The usefulness of the Statement of Cash Flow The usefulness of the statement of cash flow is for businesses to understand how they are dong financially. Businesses use the statement of cash flow to know how quickly their assets can be converted into cash. Creditors are concern about how they will be paid. When a company can produce a high amount of cash, they can pay their bills. The statement of cash flow also provides information about a companys spending habits. Because a company has net income does not mean their business thriving. Knowing the companys net cash will provide the information needed to know whether or not to do business with them (Kieso, Weygandt, Warfield, 2010). The inflow and out flow The statement of Cash Flow outlines the inflow and outflow of cash from a company for a given period. Inflows include the transfer of funds to a company from another party as a result of core operations, investments or financing (Nordmeyer, 2012). The inflow of cash is generated when businesses either sell their products or perform a service for revenue. Theses inflows can range from collections on accounts, monies from investors, or interest on loans. Cash outflow, on the other hand, is money leaving a company. The outflow of cash from a company can include dividends paid to stockholders, bills, or the materials purchased to complete the products a company sells. Steps in preparation There are three major steps in preparing a Cash Flow Statement. The first step is to â€Å"determine the change in cash† (). This is calculated by comparing the current year’s cash balance to the previous year’s cash balance. For example, XYZ Inc. has a cash balance on its balance sheet of $100,000 and $90,000 for years ending December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2012 respectively. Their change in cash would be a decrease of $10,000. The second step is to â€Å"determine the net cash flow from operating activities† (). This step is depends on the method chosen. The â€Å"direct method reports cash receipts and disbursements from operating activities† (). XYZ, Inc. reported the following: revenues of $80,000, accounts receivables $20,000, accounts payable $30,000 and operating expenses of $50,000. To calculate the net cash flow they would subtract accounts receivable from revenues ($80,000-$20,000 = $60,000) to determine cash collected from revenues. Then, subtract accounts payable from operating expenses ($50,000-$30,000 = $20,000) to determine cash payments for expenses. Cash collected from revenues minus cash payments for expenses equals net cash provided by operating expenses ($40,000). This does not take into consideration income taxes. In contrast, the â€Å"indirect method adjusts net income for items that affected reported net income but did not affect cash. † This is done by adding back noncash charges in the income statement to the net income and deducting noncash credits (). Finally, the third step â€Å"determines the net cash flow from investing and financing activities. † This step determines â€Å"whether any other changes in balance sheet accounts caused an increase or decrease in cash† (). This step could include changes in common stock, retained earnings, or bonds. The hardest part in grasping the cash flow steps was learning when to add or subtract an increase or decrease. However, through research I could learn an increase in accounts receivable, prepaid expenses, and how accounts payable is subtracted and a decrease is added (Investopedia, 2012). Increases are added and decrease are subtracted for prepaid expenses and inventory (Investopedia, 2012). This week reflect on the statement of cash flow. Team A spoke about the importance of the statement of cash flow. It is need to determine where a company is financially. It is also use to understand the liquidity of a business. Why companies use the direct method or indirect method of preparing a statement is explained. Steps in preparation and classification are explained. The team also examines things that they struggled with and also things that they were comfortable with.

In the Heart of the Sea Essay example -- essays research papers

In the Heart of the Sea What caused an 85 ton Sperm whale to crash into the side of the Essex, causing one of the most disastrous and tragic accidents in maritime history? Was this a calculated attack? Did it see the whaling ship as an unwanted rival in its territory? Did the crew of the Essex have anything to do with the whales’ sporadic behavior? Or was this simply an unexplainable act of nature’s unpredictability?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On November 20, 1820 the crew of the Essex spotted an unusual sight, an extremely large bull. The men estimated it to be about eighty-five feet long and weigh approximately eighty tons. However it was not only the large sight of the whale that alarmed the men, but it was its strange behavior. â€Å"Instead of fleeing in panic, it was floating quietly on the surface of the water, puffin occasionally through its blowhole, as if it were watching them. After spouting two or three times, the whale dove then surfaced about 35 yards from the ship (81).† After diving the whale began to do the unspeakable it began to charge the Essex, â€Å"Its twenty foot-wide tail pumped up and down slowly at first, with a slight side to side waggle, it picked up speed until the water crested around its massive barrel shaped head. It was aimed at the Essex’s port side (81).† Upon noticing that the whale was going to ram into the ship the captain gave the order to â⠂¬Å"pull the helm hard up† to prevent a direct hit however the order was given to late the whale it the shi...

bpo management system Essay

1. Introduction 1.1 Purpose This document describes the high level design for the CHART/EORS Intranet Mapping Application and the CHART Internet Mapping Application. The purpose of this design is to show the high-level technical approach to meeting the requirements defined in system requirements specification. This serves to identify the architecture of the system and high-level interactions between major system components. 1.2 Objectives Identify and describe the software architecture for the system. Provide  high-level approaches to various technical challenges. Provide a guide for future development efforts, such as detailed design and coding. 1.3 Scope This high level design encompasses the approach for meeting the requirements as defined in the documents CHART/EORS Intranet Mapping System Requirement Specification and CHART Internet Mapping System Requirement Specification. 2. System Architecture 2.1 Overview The following diagram shows the system architecture used by CHART mapping applications.  The system design utilizes web based multi-tier system architecture. The data storage is managed at the data tier by the databases. The main business logics are hosted in the two applications in the web server. Because mapping is an area that there are many requirements related to client side interactions with the graphic content of the application, application logics are partitioned based on the most appropriate location to execute them. Some are located on the client browsers to provide instantaneous feedback to the user. The general system operation flow involves the following: 1. Data updates from various sources such as the CHART II CORBA events, EORS data inputs, device and event editing modules are stored in the databases. 2. When a mapping application receives a mapping request, it sends the image map generation request to the ArcIMS map server. The ArcIMS server retrieves the map data from the databases and creates a rendering of the map and saves it as a raster image file. The mapping application generates HTML pages embedded with the image and sends it to the browser client. 3. For the CHART Intranet mapping client, the application also generates the dynamic content in VML format, which encodes the device and event information in vector format. This enables the application to update the dynamic data without having to reload the whole map image. This avoids the heavy load on the map server when the application scales up. 4. When the images and VML  data arrives at the client browser, the client displays the map to the user. The user can interact with this data on the client. 2.2 SQL Server and ArcSDE ArcSDE from ESRI allows managing of geographic information in commercial databases such as SQL Server, Oracle, DB2 and Informix. ArcSDE provides functionalities to efficiently store and retrieve spatial information using spatial indexing mechanisms. ArcSDE provides a set of API and administrative utilities that help manage the spatial data storage. For the CHART mapping systems, the combination of ArcSDE and SQL Server manages the spatial information in the relational database. ArcSDE adds spatial functionalities without disrupting standard SQL database capabilities. 2.3 Map Server (ArcIMS) ArcIMS includes a few components that will play important roles in the CHART mapping application. The workhorse component that processes the data and generates maps is the spatial server. Managing the spatial servers is the ArcIMS Application Server, which monitors each spatial server’s activity and brokers map requests to the least busy spatial server. The detailed interaction of a map request is as the following: When the ASP.Net page receives a map request, it parses it and uses the ActiveX Connector object model to construct a map request. The connector then sends the map request in ArcXML format to the Application Server. The Application Server then finds the least busy spatial server and forwards the map request to it. The spatial server performs the query against the ArcSDE database, retrieves the data and renders them into a raster image file. The location of the file is then sent back to the connector and the ASP.Net page writes it back to the client as HTML page with the image embedded in it. 2.4 Web Server (IIS) .Net Framework and ASP.Net The web server hosts and publishes content to the client browser. In the case of the CHART mapping applications, most of the content is dynamic content generated by ASP.Net modules. When IIS recognizes a page being an ASP.Net module (an aspx extension), it passes the request to the .Net Framework to load the module and handle the request. The ASP.Net pages are then loaded into memory and executed. The .Net Framework provides many utilities such as garbage collection, tracing, just-in-time compilation that manages the execution of ASP.Net modules. The ASP.Net page modules are where the CHART mapping application logic is coded. The web server also provides security via the Secured Socket Layer (SSL), allowing interactions between the user’s browser and the web server to be encrypted when necessary. 2.5 Security 2.5.1 Network Level Security Network layer security will be managed by the network security configurations like firewall and RSA secure ID. 2.5.2 Secured Socket Layer (SSL) MDOT has a certificate server to provide digital certificates for the SSL configuration. The server name must remain consistent with the certificate. All links shall use the same server name, otherwise, if the server is referred using an IP address or a local server name, etc., the user will see an alert indicating the certificate is in-consistent with the resource. IIS supports the configuration of one folder in the web application requiring SSL while other portion does not. The session information remains consistent between SSL portion of the web site and the non-SSL portion. 2.5.3 Enterprise User Enters Read-Only View Many of the CHART mapping functionalities are for display and reviewing data, i.e. a read-only view. The design allows enterprise viewers and CHART users to access the read-only portion of the web site without having to input user name and password. This also enables CHART users to reach the viewing area without having to enter their login information again. When system receives a user request to enter the secured area, the system checks whether the current session has been authenticated. If not, system displays login screen. The user shall enter their CHART user name and password. Upon receipt of the user name and password, the system checks it  against the CHART II database’s user tables. If they are authenticated, the system stores the user information in the session. The session will be managed in the server until the configured timeout expires. All subsequent requests from the same user session will inherit the same authorization information for the user. 2.5.4 CHART User Enters Editing Area Other applications, like future versions of CHART II and CHART Lite, can launch the map editing URL via the HTTPS protocol. The user name and password can be sent via https request. The system verifies their authentication information against the CHART II user database using an OLEDB/ODBC connection. If the authentication information is correct, the system will store this information in the session. The user will be redirected to the map page. If the authentication is rejected, the user request will be redirected to the login screen to reenter the authentication information. Associating a CHART user with an op-center/default map view area: Based on CHART II R1B3 database design, users are not associated with an op-center; rather, the user specifies an op-center during logon. In order to display a default map view area based on an op-center, an external application launching the CHART mapping application will also need to pass in the operation center name to initialize the map to the associated extent. Passing user name and password in URL request: The mapping site shall have a module that verifies the user name and password, then forward the page to the map page, hence avoiding showing the password on URL address box. At the current time, without the full integration with CHART II and CHART Lite, the system will expect plain text user name and password. In the future, an encryption/decryption algorithms agreed between the systems can be added to achieve higher security. 2.5.5 EORS Security Currently, the EORS security has not been implemented. EORS functions will be hard-coded with security configuration. 3. Network Configuration The design above depicts CHART network configuration as the Internal network, a Demilitarization Zone (DMZ) network for hosting the web server and connecting out to the external Internet network. There will be two firewalls, one between the Internet and the DMZ network and another one between the DMZ network and the internal network. The map server and database servers are to be hosted in the internal network for maximum security. The initial configuration calls for two physical computers to host the map servers and database servers. In the future, if the system needs to scale up, additional physical servers can be added. The Intranet web server can optionally be hosted on the load-balanced virtual server too. 3.1.1 Map Server Load Balancing The design achieves load balancing by a combination of Windows 2000 Advanced Server Network Load Balancing (NLB) Service and the ArcIMS Application Server. The system utilizes two physical server computers. The two servers are configured with NLB. NLB works on the TCP/IP level. Any incoming traffic from web server to the virtual server IP address is load balanced between the two application servers by NLB. ArcIMS Application Server operates at the application level, monitoring each spatial server’s load and operation. When a spatial server is busy, it directs the map request to idling spatial server(s). Each physical map server hosts one ArcIMS Application Server and two ArcIMS Spatial Server instances. An application server failure forces NLB to direct new connections to the remaining application server. When the failed server is recovered, new client connections should once again be shared between the two servers. The two spatial server instances are â€Å"cross registered† to the application servers. As shown in the diagram, Spatial Server A1 and A2 are registered to Application Server B and A correspondingly. This arrangement ensures that when a spatial server is down, the application server can still  utilize the spatial server from the other server to serve the map request and the application server continue to function. Also, this configuration also allows ArcIMS to load balance at the Spatial Server level as opposed to just the network traffic level, which is what NLB provides. This configuration can withstand an Application Server failure, a Spatial Server failure, a simultaneous Application/Spatial Server failure or hardware failure of one of the physical map servers. Using two map servers with network load balancing should provide high-availability load balanced ArcIMS web site. 3.1.2 Database Load Balancing By running two SQL Server and ArcSDE instances with NLB to balance the load, the system can achieve high availability at the database server layer. The database servers are completely independent and share no hardware components. This type of availability is achievable with the standard edition of SQL Server. The two database servers are setup with Transactional replication. One of the two SQL Servers is configured as the publisher and the other one as a subscriber. All the data modification such as insert, delete and update will be performed on the publisher and changes are replicated to the subscriber. Transactional replication can provide very low latency to Subscribers. Subscribers receiving data using a push subscription usually receive changes from the Publisher within one minute or sooner, provided that the network link and adequate processing resources are available (latency of a few seconds can often be achieved). When the web server and map server requests use the virtual IP address on the load-balanced group of database servers, they are directed to the database server with the least amount of load. If one of the database servers goes down due to hardware failure, NLB detects that this server is down and no longer directs database requests to this machine. The remaining machine handles the database requests and apart from a slight drop in performance the users are unaware that a database server has failed. When the hardware is fixed the offending machine can be brought back online. One limitation exists for this design. It happens when the publisher database is down. In this situation the data updates cannot be committed until the publisher database comes back. But at the same time, all read access from the Internet and Intranet server could still be directed to the secondary server. In the case when the publisher data is going to be down for extended time period, system configuration need to allow system administrator to change the configuration so that the replica will serve as the main database. Compared with clustering solution, this system design provides the maximum database availability and performance benefit. The databases that need to be replicated would include: 1. Background map database. Background map data does not change often. A snapshot replication is sufficient for replicating data updates in one database to the other. 2. CHART/EORS Spatial Database CHART/EORS spatial database stores CHART and EORS device and event information with spatial data. They are dynamically updated throughout the day. Transactional replication will be setup to ensure that data change in one database gets replicated to the other one. 3. SDE metadata. In general, the system can continue to provide access of map and data to both the Internet and Intranet users in the case of failure of any one component in the system. The only exception is that when the publisher database is down, the new data cannot be updated into the system. Users will get delayed information. 3.1.3 DMZ Configuration CHART is currently implementing a Demilitarization Zone (DMZ) network to enhance the network security. This entails creating a separate network for the web server computer(s) and separating it from the internal network with a firewall. In an ideal world, the DMZ would have no physical connection to the internal network. This would require two separate map server setups to serve the  Internet and Intranet users. The recommended way to implement is to disallow any access from the DMZ to the internal network, but allow access from the internal network to the DMZ. In other words, allow out-bound connections. On each of the ArcIMS server computers, mount a network drive to a shared drive on the Web server. Each ArcIMS spatial server would write the output raster image files to the location on the web server to be delivered to the Internet client browsers. 4. Database Organization To reduce the dependency and operation interference between the spatial data and the attribute data, the EORS spatial database and CHART spatial database will be created as two SQL Server databases. To reduce the performance overhead when joining data between the spatial and attribute data, the EORS spatial database will reside on the same database server(s) as the EORS database. 5. Technical Challenges 5.1 Map Display Mechanism CHART Intranet mapping application requires that changes in event and device data be reflected on all map clients in a near-real-time fashion (within 5 seconds). To do so via the traditional raster map publishing mechanism will result in all clients retrieving updated map every 5 seconds or at least when event/device status update requires a new map to be generated. When there is large number of users of the system, it will result in a high map server load in a concentrated short time period. To resolve this issue, the project team reviewed various technical approaches and summarizes their advantages and disadvantages as the following: 5.1.1 Raster (JPEG, GIF or PNG) Image This is a popular approach that utilizes the basic image display functionality of web browsers. It utilizes the server processing power efficiently. The disadvantages are that the images have limited client side intelligence, leaving most of the computation concentrated on the server. It’s capability of handling large number of concurrent map requests is limited. Generally, one map server can support 4-8 requests per second. For  CHART’s situation, when an event changes status, if a new map image needs to be generated, it would be about 40 requests per second (200 users at 5 second update interval). Many servers will be required to support the load. With the license fee involved with using GIF format, we will not use GIF for map publishing. Compared with JPG format, PNG graphics do not have the â€Å"bleeding† effect inherent with the JPEG compression algorithm. With the map displaying lines rather than continuous tone images, it is much cleaner. PNG also results in a smaller file, which translates into faster download times for client. The only JPG advantage is server side image generation times. It is recommended to utilize PNG for the Intranet application to produce highest quality images for standardized IE browser while utilizing JPG for the Internet to allow for support of as many browsers as possible. Also, the reduction in image processing time should deliver better web image generation performance. 5.1.2 XML Based Vector Graphics 5.1.2.1 Vector Markup Language (VML) VML is a XML based W3C standard in describing vector graphics. Basically, it encodes the vector coordinates of points, lines and polygons in XML format. The support of VML is included in Internet Explorer 5.0 and later. There is no download needed to display VML encoded vector graphics. It also has built-in support for style sheet and scripting. This makes it possible to modify the display properties and positions of the vector graphics using the JavaScript on the client-side browser. Using this functionality, we can dynamically update the display of devices and events. 5.1.2.2 Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) Scalable Vector Graphics is another XML-based W3C standard format for vector graphics. Compared with VML, it requires Java or ActiveX based plug-in to be displayed. Also, based on review of the plug-ins (SVG Viewer by Adobe), there is not as much support for scripting as for VML. 5.1.3 ArcIMS Java Viewer ArcIMS includes a Java Viewer, which provides a Java Applet that can be customized to a certain extent to display vector encoded GIS data on the client side. It requires a download to the client. The Java Viewer reads vector data from ArcIMS feature server encoded using an ESRI proprietary compression format, which makes it difficult to implement special features such as WSMS offsetted road networks because they need to be offset dynamically based on map scale. 5.1.4 MapObjects Java MapObjects Java from ESRI provides a set of Java-based objects for GIS functionalities. It has an extensive set of functionality that can satisfy the requirements. But, it requires a license fee of $100/seat, or comparable server-based licensing. It also requires a download to client machine to run it. 5.1.5 Summary Based on the research above, the project team recommends the following design: Use raster map for background map display (background data with SHA grid map are often large amount of data, suitable for server side processing) Use XML data format to transport the device and event data from server to browser client. Use JavaScript to create and update the VML vector data elements to display the dynamic layers including all the CHART/EORS devices and events. The diagram above illustrates the map display mechanism: 1. Map server reads the spatial data from background database and sends the published map image to the client browser to be displayed as background. 2. Device and event information is broadcasted from the CHART II system in the form of CORBA events. 3. CORBA event listener receives the event broadcast and saves the data into CHART spatial database. 4. CHART/EORS device and event data are published in XML format to the client. Client browser parses the XML into a XML Document Object Model (DOM) using the XML parser. 5. The client browser then iterate through the DOM tree structure and create corresponding VML elements based on the XML device and event data. The VML elements are displayed on the top of the background raster map image. 6. At a pre-configured interval, the browser client retrieves update of device and event data from the IIS server in XML format and update the VML display  based on the updated information. 5.2 Automated Refresh of Device and Event Data CHART/EORS device and event information needs to be updated at a pre-configured interval. They should be updated separate from the background map to reduce the load on the map server. The technical approach to achieve this will be to use a hidden frame to send the request to retrieve updated device and event data and receive the response. The response will package the data in XML file to be parsed into a document object model (DOM) and display the data on map. The request can be to retrieve all data or only retrieve data newer than last retrieval. When the new device/event is received and it requires changing the display of the device/events, the style assignment for the elements can be changed to update the device and event display.   The VML elements will be sent using real-world coordinates (Maryland State Plane 1983). After the data has been retrieved to the client side, the VML map layers can be dynamically projected using the â€Å"local coordinate space†. When user zooms or pan the map, the VML will be projected using the updated coordinates to fit the new map extent without going back to the server to retrieve new data set. 5.3 Inter-Frame Client Script Synchronization The map page has a few frames and the browser loads them asynchronously. Scripts in one frame may call scripts in another frame that may not have been loaded. The approach to resolve this is to add client-side exception handling and verification routine to ensure that the script is called always after the frame is loaded. 5.4 Assigning and Editing Event Location The dynamic nature of VML elements in the browser allows adding and modifying VML elements by scripting. When the user clicks or drags the mouse on the map, client-side script manages the transformation of screen coordinates and real-world map coordinates. The coordinates are sent back to the server’s secured URL where the information is extracted and saved to the database. 5.5 Scalability The CHART mapping application serves not only the Intranet users, but also Internet browser clients. During emergency situations, the load on both the Internet and Intranet servers could get extremely high. The system must be able to scale up to serve large amount of users. The technical approach to solve this issue involves two main facets. As described in the network configuration section, the system will employ network load balancing and allows adding additional hardware in the future. The system should also be able to utilize the caching feature of IIS and ASP.Net to scale up without significantly increase hardware investment. ASP.Net allows caching configuration for individual page modules, such as whether the page is cached and how long it is cached. After the application is deployed, these caching settings can be configured on the web pages. For example, if it is determined that the Internet mapping can be up to 3 seconds late, by setting caching time to 3 seconds, all requests from the Internet will receive a cached response without creating additional load on the map and database server. 5.6 Exception Management and Recovery CHART II keeps its clients updated via a push model using the CORBA Event Service. The Event Service does not guarantee delivery; therefore it is possible for event data to be lost/dropped (although in practice, this is rare). To account for this possibility, the CHART Web Event Listener will refresh its information about the status of devices and traffic events from CHART II at a configurable interval. Also, each time the Event Listener is started, it will retrieve all relevant data from CHART II. Thus, the update model becomes a push model with an occasional pull to be safe. This process will be used to recover from the following situations: 1. The Event Listener was down and did not receive new data from CHART II. 2. CHART II CORBA event(s) occasionally dropped while the Event Listener is up and running. Another likely scenario is that the CHART II server or service(s) restart. After a typical restart, the CORBA Event Service CORBA objects will be  recreated with the same characteristics allowing the Event Listener to continue to automatically receive CHART II CORBA events. As the CHART II services will not be processing events during this time, no events are likely to be missed. Therefore, the Event Listener does not need to do anything special to handle a CHART II server or service(s) restart. Sometimes CHART II maintenance will require that new (and different) Event Service CORBA objects be created. This might happen during a CHART II upgrade, for example. In this case, the Event Listener will need to be restarted so that it can pick up the new objects. Since this type of maintenance does not occur often and the Event Listener restarting is fast, the restart can be handled as part of the CHART II upgrade procedures. 5.7 Integration with ASP Code in EORS and CHART Web Application The CHART Intranet Mapping, replacing the existing EORS mapping application, will still be launched as a separate window by a URL string with a few parameters identifying the district, view type, etc. The impact on EORS web application should be limited to modifying the URL links. The current CHART Internet Mapping site uses â€Å"include† statement to include site navigation pages from upper level CHART web site’s pages. When upgrading Internet Mapping to ASP.Net, â€Å"include† statement is no longer used. Instead, a ServerXMLHTTP request can be formulated to request the text from the included ASP page and merge them into the mapping ASP.Net pages. The limitation of this implementation would be that the ASP.Net application couldn’t share the session and application variables from the ASP application. Currently, there are only a couple of them, such as database connection string. The ASP.Net mapping application will maintain a separate set of application variables. 6. User Interface Design 6.1 Intranet Map Site User Interface Design Here following is a high-level frame structure for the Intranet mapping site: 1. AppFrame is the highest-level frame that includes all the child frames. On the top of the page, there will be the title frame, which will host the  CHART icon. Also inside the title frame will be a group of tabs, such as Traffic, Roadway Weather, Message Sign, etc. 2. ToolsFrame hosts the map navigation and other map related tools. The ToolsFrame will also host menu system that allows the user to bring up data and other detailed information. 3. HiddenFrame will be used to submit and receive information from the server. 4. ContentFrame is further divided to a map frame on the left and a data frame on the right. The user shall be able rearrange the frame boundary to give more space to the map or data area. Data frame will display data as well as legend, layer control and other items when needed. 5. PromptFrame will display the current tool selected and instructions for user activities. Here is a screen shot of the preliminary user interface design: 6.2 Internet Map Site User Interface The overall CHART Internet mapping web site design will stay the same as current web site. The site will stay as part of the overall CHART web site by including the CHART navigation menus into the site. The site will not be using frames; instead, all elements will be laid out as HTML tables. 7. References 1. CHART/EORS Intranet Mapping System Requirement Specification 2. CHART Internet Mapping System Requirement Specification 3. Security and ArcIMS – ESRI White Paper 4. ArcSDE Configuration and Tuning Guide for Microsoft SQL Server – ESRI White Paper 5. ArcIMS 4.0 High-Availability Configuration Testing Using Network Load Balancing –ESRI White Paper 6. Vector Markup Language (VML) Specification – W3C 8. Terms and Glossary ArcXML – ESRI’s map request/response specification in XML format CORBA – Common Object Request Broker Architecture CSS – Cascading Style Sheets DOM – Document Object Model ESRI – Environment System Research Institute GIS – Geographic Information System GML – Geography Markup Language NLB – Network Load Balancing SSL – Secure Socket Layer SVG – Scalable Vector Graphics VML – Vector Markup Language XML – Extensible Markup Language