Sydney Opera House Project management

The construction of Sydney Opera House, which started in 1957, is one of the projects that I got a chance to research on while in college. It is a perfect example showing the impact of poor project planning on an organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sydney Opera House Project management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More During this period (1997), planners had estimated that the project would last 6 years, and would cost $7 million (Murray, 2013). Unfortunately, the project’s triple constrain priorities were not clear and were changed on several occasions before the project got completed. The change of one priority automatically affected the others. One of the initial changes was done on the layout of the building. During the construction, the multipurpose opera hall’s design was changed. This affected the interior layout. This confirms the effect of changing a priority. This further caused o ther unprecedented changes such as the introduction of a cinema, theatre, and library. The consequence of these changes is that the project was completed in ten years later, and ended up costing $102 million. It took more time and costs than what the planners expected. The scope of the project ought to be clearly defined before the project. This could have helped the planners avoid changing priorities (Schwalbe, 2010). Moreover, they could have saved on costs and time, among other things. Project attributes have several dimensions that must be managed simultaneously. They include people involved in the implementation of projects, communication and the level of collaboration between them, time available, and the type and level of knowledge and skills needed to complete certain tasks. They also include management of risks, coordination of sub-projects or project activities, and organizational and cultural changes involved in the project (Mazura, Pisarskia, Chang, Ashkanasy, 2013). Pr ojects come in different sizes and shapes. Their attributes are used in enhancing the definition of a project. Firstly, every project must have a unique purpose. It should have a clearly defined objective. In reference to the aforementioned case, an example of this objective is to build an opera house. This attribute helps in the analysis of the success of the project. It also determines the most relevant projects (Meredith Mantel, 2011). Secondly, a project is temporary. This implies that it is not done in an abstract. It must have a clearly defined start and an end. In the aforementioned project for instance, the Opera house was to be constructed in a period of six years. Thirdly, the development of a project is done through a progressive elaboration (Brown Hyer, 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As earlier mentioned, a project has a clear objective, but due to its c omplex nature, the definition may be too broad. The details of a project become clear as time passes. This is confirmed in the case of Opera house, whereby the objective was time-based (build the house in six years). Projects keep on being updated in order to reflect how the interior should be designed (Gido Clements, 2012). A project can lead to the creation of many projects in an event where the planned priorities are changed or constrained. The constrained priorities include time, scope, and cost. The scope of the project is concerned with what the entire project entails, as well as the expected results (Hartmann Brisko, 2010). It also involves determining project justifications, tasks, and accomplishment dates. Changing the scope leads to the emergence of multiple projects. For instance, in the first place, the scope of the project discussed earlier is to build an opera house. However, the scope is changed to building a concert hall. This further encourages the introduction of a new project or sub-project, concerned with building the concert hall. Secondly, the time factor is an important constrained priority. Changes made to this factor may lead to multiple projects. For example, if the priority in the first place was to build an opera house in two years, and the time is changed to one year, it is obvious that a new project would be created to help achieve goals. The cost and the budget allocated to the implementation of a project are constant. However, changes can be employed in the budget in order to help implement the initial project. Project conception is the first phase of project management and involves examination of an idea with regard to the benefits it brings to the organization. A decision is then made as to whether the idea is feasible. The second phase is project definition and planning. It involves outlining the work to be done in the project. The project plan is then written down outlining a number of things. These include a budget, a sch edule, and the resources needed to implement the idea (Fewings, 2013). Project launch or execution is the third phase. It involves the distribution of resources to the project teams. The project teams are also made aware of their responsibilities in the implementation of the project. The fourth phase is the project performance and control. In this phase, project managers compare the progress made against the pre-drafted plan. Depending on the progress made, they adjust the pre-set schedules or develop mechanisms aimed at streamlining the project with the project plan (Brown Hyer, 2010). The last phase is the project close. In this phase, clients approve completed project tasks. The project managers then conduct an evaluation of its successes and failures (Kerzner, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sydney Opera House Project management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Brown, K. A., Hyer, N. L. ( 2010). Managing projects: A team-based approach. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Fewings, P. (2013). Construction Project Management: an integrated approach. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Gido, J., Clements, J. P. (2012). Successful project management. Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning. Hartmann, S., Briskorn, D. (2010). A survey of variants and extensions of the resource-constrained project scheduling problem. European Journal of Operational Research. 207(1), 1-14. Kerzner, H. R., Learning, I. I. (2013). Project management – best practices: Achieving global excellence. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley. Mazura, A., Pisarskia, A., Chang, A., Ashkanasy, N. M. (2013). Rating defence major project success: The role of personal attributes and stakeholder relationships. International Journal of Project Management. 32(1), 1-23. Meredith, J. R., Mantel, S. J. (2012). Project management: A managerial approach. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.Advertising Looking for essay on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Murray, P. (2013). The saga of Sydney Opera House: the dramatic story of the design and construction of the icon of modern Australia. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Schwalbe, K. (2010). Information technology Project Management. Boston, MA: Course Technology/Cengage Learning. This essay on Sydney Opera House Project management was written and submitted by user Bradley Compton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Prophets

Hosea – a born Israelite, married to Gomer, an unfaithful wife (became a sacred prostitute at one of the Boal ahrines), a personal tragedy that profoundly influenced Hosea’s teaching. Hosea spoke to the people in the Northern Kingdom when he began his prophetic career during the last years of Jeroboem and continued his teaching from 750-722 B.C., - a time of national disintegration. Sermons of Amos had no effect; there was a general state of moral decay and corruption. Hosea was motivated to speak because of Israel’s continued infidelity took form of ruthless oppression of poor and crass idolatry. Hosea’s message stressed the theme of forgiveness, and the chastisement of a jealous lover longing to bring back the beloved to the fresh and pure joy of their first love. Hosea Ch 11 and 14 Summit of Old Testament theology, God’s Love expressed with tenderness. Amos – a shepherd from Tekoa, near Bethlehem, and a Judean by birth. God sent Amos to the Northern Kingdom during the reign of Jeroboam II (786-747 BC), a time of prosperity and moral corruption. Amos’ message was to call people back to the high moral and religious demands of Yahweh’s revelation, (The Sinai Covenant) to denounce hollow prosperity of the Northern Kingdom, and to prophecy overthrow of sanctuary, fall of monarchy, captivity of his people (30 years later, the northern kingdom is overthrown by the Assyrians). Amos 5:4 God tells how if you believe in him you shall live a long a fulfilled life. Micah – a strong and resolute man who came from Moresheth, a little town southwest of Jerusalem. Micah lived during the reigns of Jotham, Ahaz, Hezekiah – between 742-687 B.C. (a contemporary of Isaiah in the South, and of Hosea in the North). Micah was motivated to speak to the masses because it was said that Micah was for Judea what Amos had been for Israel – a man who saw the oppression for the poor by the rich as a crime crying out to heaven f... Free Essays on Prophets Free Essays on Prophets Hosea – a born Israelite, married to Gomer, an unfaithful wife (became a sacred prostitute at one of the Boal ahrines), a personal tragedy that profoundly influenced Hosea’s teaching. Hosea spoke to the people in the Northern Kingdom when he began his prophetic career during the last years of Jeroboem and continued his teaching from 750-722 B.C., - a time of national disintegration. Sermons of Amos had no effect; there was a general state of moral decay and corruption. Hosea was motivated to speak because of Israel’s continued infidelity took form of ruthless oppression of poor and crass idolatry. Hosea’s message stressed the theme of forgiveness, and the chastisement of a jealous lover longing to bring back the beloved to the fresh and pure joy of their first love. Hosea Ch 11 and 14 Summit of Old Testament theology, God’s Love expressed with tenderness. Amos – a shepherd from Tekoa, near Bethlehem, and a Judean by birth. God sent Amos to the Northern Kingdom during the reign of Jeroboam II (786-747 BC), a time of prosperity and moral corruption. Amos’ message was to call people back to the high moral and religious demands of Yahweh’s revelation, (The Sinai Covenant) to denounce hollow prosperity of the Northern Kingdom, and to prophecy overthrow of sanctuary, fall of monarchy, captivity of his people (30 years later, the northern kingdom is overthrown by the Assyrians). Amos 5:4 God tells how if you believe in him you shall live a long a fulfilled life. Micah – a strong and resolute man who came from Moresheth, a little town southwest of Jerusalem. Micah lived during the reigns of Jotham, Ahaz, Hezekiah – between 742-687 B.C. (a contemporary of Isaiah in the South, and of Hosea in the North). Micah was motivated to speak to the masses because it was said that Micah was for Judea what Amos had been for Israel – a man who saw the oppression for the poor by the rich as a crime crying out to heaven f...

Arab-Islamic Civilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Arab-Islamic Civilization - Essay Example The new contributions improved human life and also became the vital part of modern civilization in the history of humankind. Arab architecture is one of the greatest contributions that Arabic civilization brought in the history of man. Like in other fields, such as mathematics and astronomy, Arab architecture was invented for purposes of glorifying Islam. The architects of the time devoted much of their skills and time to the construction of mausoleums and mosques (American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee, 1). Their style was quite unique; in spite of its being borrowed from the Romans, horseshow arch was redesigned into their own outstanding architectural feature. The construction of the Damascus Great Mosque is one of the excellent demonstrations of the utilization of Roman horse arch, which inspired Arab architecture. Many historians have argued that the Arab architectural design that was used in the construction of Ibin Tulun mosque in Cairo brought about the insight behind the construction of some of the European outstanding cathedrals. The Arab architecture was also evident in the construction of the chalets in France, as well as the cathedrals of Wells. These constructions used Arab ogee, tefoil, and cusp arches. In Europe, the construction of ribbed vaults was greatly inspired by the designs borrowed from the Arab mosques of Constantinople, Cairo, Jerusalem, Tripoli, Damascus, and Mecca, all of which were built during the reign of Islamic civilization. As for the construction of the cathedrals, the Europeans borrowed from the Arab architecture the use of cubal transitional supports, especially during the 11th and 12th century. Thus, the contribution of Islamic civilization in terms of architecture cannot be overemphasized. The contribution of Arab civilization in the field of architecture is quite evident even in modern day

Protection of Human Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Protection of Human Rights - Essay Example Towards this direction it is supported that 'Britain has one of the worst human rights records in Europe and faces investigation over its failure to comply with a series of European court rulings'1. On the other hand, the recognition of human rights in Britain has been often related with specific sectors of the society, like the health sector. In this context, it has been noticed that 'there was much speculation about the potential impact of the Human Rights Act 1998 on established principles of health care practice; now the statute has been "bedded in", predictions that existing good practice would not fall foul of the legislation provided it was demonstrable, have proved to be broadly accurate'2. As it will be explained below, the Human Rights Act 1998 has been extensively transformed through a series of laws that have been published since 1998 (i.e. ... rights in England: 'human rights remain at the heart of the foreign policy agenda and the UK works through international forums and bilateral relationships to spread the values of human rights, civil liberties and democracy'3. This paper will evaluate the development of English law on human rights in comparison with the international law on the specific issue (with a special reference to USA and Australia). In this context, the EU laws and the laws of countries within the international community, like USA and Australia, are going to be examined in order to identify the main elements of human rights law as they are highlighted and respected by countries internationally. The potential conflict among existed legislation will be also discussed (if identified) and appropriate courses of action are going to be suggested. Chapter One In order to understand the criteria used by legislators around the world (including UK) in order to develop the various provisions regulated the human rights we should refer primarily to all aspects of human rights as a concept of significant importance for both governments and public within the international community. In this context, it is stated that human rights can be characterized as 'basic moral guarantees that people in all countries and cultures allegedly have simply because they are people'4. On the other hand, it is supported that 'the term 'human rights' has mainly positive associations (with liberty, security, freedom of expression etc) but there is little understanding of the application of human rights / the HRA to normal life / public service delivery'5. In accordance with the above definitions, human rights should be extensively protected by the law because they are the rights that guarantee the development (personal, social

An Analysis of the Final Scenes of Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller Essay Example for Free

An Analysis of the Final Scenes of Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller Essay Throughout Death of a Salesman, it was very clear to me that the play was an excellent representation of the idea of The American Dream, amongst other broader themes. This notion, as I understand it, relates to the belief that there are countless opportunities for everyone to reach out and grasp, no matter who they are or where they come from. The main characters of the play; Willy Loman, Linda Loman, Biff Loman, Happy Loman and their next door neighbour Charley, all seem to have very different ideas about this belief. In my opinion, this allows the reader (or audience) to relate to whichever character shares their views, making the play very appealing. The play offers a wider insight into a social system in which the Loman family finds themselves. Willy and Linda have had to work incredibly hard to keep themselves afloat over the years, and are justly proud of their achievement of paying off their 25 year mortgage. However, a stark contrast is highlighted between Willy and Howard, his boss. Willy has worked at the company for his whole career, and even names Howard when he is born for his father. However, when Howard has grown up he inherits all of his fathers wealth and the company. Also, when Willy turns up to ask for a weekly wage of around $70 per week, Howard says that it was only $100 for his new tape recorder. Willy laughs along with him, saying that he should get himself one. In terms of the plays portrayal of family relationships, I believe that it offers an excellent incite, showing the effects that an affair can have on a family, and the both emotional and financial pressures that are placed on families. Biffs relationship with his father is very volatile, but deep down it is very clear that they both truly love each other. Happy, however, expresses no love or emotion other than shame towards or about his father. This is both highlighted and summed up by the scene in the restaurant when Happy is talking to Miss Forsythe, and says , thats not my father, thats just some guy. Linda is utterly devoted to her husband but can also see, in part, his self-destruction. However, she almost seems to deny that it is happening by not confronting Willy or doing anything about it herself, especially in relation to the length of rubber pipe behind the fuse box in the garage. The point at which these problems, relationships and pressures are most clear to both the characters and the audience is when the boys return from their abandoned evening with their father to find their mother in a rage. We see a lot of harsh truths realised, the first between Biff and Happy. In the restaurant, Biff had come to the conclusion that Happy did not really care about Willys wellbeing at all, only his own. We see this when Biff exclaims , I sense it, you dont give a good goddam about him. When they return to the house, Biff says (with a flare of disgust) Go away from me! In this scene, possibly the biggest revelation is that of Biff and Willys true feelings towards each other. When Willy is planting seeds in the garden and talking to his brother, almost in another reality, he is horrified by the thought of Biff thinking of him or talking of him as a coward, should he commit suicide. When Biff tries to take him inside to talk to Linda and tell her that he is leaving, Willy seems to think that he is talking about telling her about his affair years earlier, which Biff discovered. However, after some considerable arguments, in which Biff is accused of having nothing but spite for his father, Willy realises that Biff actually just does not want to fail him, having been so pressured to succeed in his earlier life. He also sees that all Biff ever wanted from him was pride and love, saying Loves me. Always loved me. Isnt that a remarkable thing?

Scene Analysis Of America Beauty Film Studies Essay

Scene Analysis Of America Beauty Film Studies Essay American Beauty is a film written by Alan Ball and directed by Sam Mendes in the year 2000. The film is about Lester Burnham , who is searching for happiness. Lester Burnham is an ordinary-looking man in his forties. Lester is in a loveless marriage because his wife, Carolyn Burnham, who thinks that success is the most important thing in life, neglects him due to her obsession to her real estate career. In the film, Lester often mentions that Carolyn doesnt acknowledge him. Lesters daughter, Jane Burnham, is emotionally distant from her father, and often claims how pathetic she thinks Lester is. In the beginning of the film, Lester was told that he was in danger of losing his job. All these factors dramatically culminate into feelings of desperation and vulnerability for him. This begins to change as Lester is introduced to his daughters friend, Angela Hayes. Lester overhears a conversation between Jane and Angela, where Angela states that she would have sex with him if he would star t working-out and building up his body. The thought of having a teenage girl finding Lester hot, excites Lester thus beginning Lesters change throughout the movie (American Beauty, motion picture, 2000). I will be analysing two scenes of this film which I found to be the most significant in terms of how it helped me shape my interpretation of and emotional response to the film. Both scenes involve major turn of events in the film regarding Lester Burnham and I found that the cinematographic qualities of the scenes played a major part in contributing to the movies overall meaning. According to Richard Barsam, cinematography is the process of capturing moving images on film or some other medium (Barsam 2007, p.140). Barsam states that, Although cinematography might seem to exist solely to please our eyes with beautiful images, it is in fact an intricate language that can contribute to a movies overall meaning as much as the story, mise-en-scene, and acting do (Barsam 2007, p.140). This means that the use of the different aspects of cinematography such as lighting, framing, camera angles can help contribute to interpreting the meaning of the film itself. The two cinematographic elements which are mainly used in the scenes include composition and camera movement. Barsam states that the composition element refers to the arrangement of visual elements within a shot (Barsam 2007, p.161). There can be numerous visual elements within a shot. Some of the elements include lighting, shot compositions (long-shot, medium-shot, close-up), and dynamic compositions. Barsam points out that a key component of composition is lighting. The lighting shapes the way the movie looks and helps tell the story (Barsam 2007, p.148). Among its properties are its source, quality, direction and style. Barsam states that the different properties of lighting work together with other elements to determine the overall mood and meaning of a scene (Barsam 2007, p.154). According to Barsam, the second cinematographic element, camera movement, can change the way we see the images because any movement of the camera modifies the different elements of framing. These elements include camera angle, level, height, types of shots and scale (Barsam 2007, p.176). The moving camera opens up cinematic space, and thus filmmakers use it to achieve many effects. Barsam points out that the moving camera leads the viewers eye, or focuses the viewers attention and, by moving into the scene, helps create the illusion of depth in the flat screen image. (Barsam 2007, p.176) The first scene I will be analysing is the scene where Lester first spots Angela. In this scene, Lester and Carolyn decided to support Jane at her school where she was performing a dance at half-time. This scene is significant because it shows how Lester begins to rebel against who he is, as a result of Angelas sexuality. The scene begins with Lester and Carolyn arriving at the basketball game right before Janes performance. Then as the performance begins, almost immediately into the dance routine, Angela is given an upward position in the frame elevated with dynamic composition. It is dynamic composition because there is movement within the fixed frame (Barsam 2007, p.161). By giving Angela an upward position within the frame, it suggests that Lester is taking notice of her. And as the scene continues, Angela has gotten Lesters full attention. Angela is shown moving towards the camera in another dynamic composition shot complemented by the camera zooming in on her. This enhances Ang elas presence and this also gave me an idea as to the degree of attention Lester is giving Angela due to her sexuality. The scene continues with a static composition shot of Lester. According to Barsam, a static composition shot is where there is no movement within the frame, unlike a dynamic composition where there is movement (Barsam 2007, p.161). The camera then begins to zoom in on Lester. As the camera zooms in, the crowd is eliminated and only Lester is shown in the frame. Furthermore, Lesters eyes appears to be bigger than they actually are because of the way the camera is focusing on them. This makes Lester look as though he is drooling over something he desires. At this point, the camera performs a point of view shot showing what Lesters eyes are fixated on, and that is Angela. This again displays the degree of enchantment that Angela has placed over Lester. In Lesters mind, only Angela and himself exists at that moment, and everyone else is filtered out as they are not of any importance to Lester. The scene then concludes with a shot-reverse-shot of Angela and Lester. A shot-reverse-shot is where one character is shown looking at another character (often off-screen), and then the other character is shown looking back at the first character. Since the characters are shown facing in opposite directions, the viewer assumes that they are looking at each other (Yale Film Studies Program 2002). This allowed me to see that in Lesters fantasy, Angela is dancing erotically just for him, giving each other the same amount of attention. Because of the fact the Lester is desiring a girl that is his daughters age, it should be noted that Angela and Lester are never shown in the same frame in the scene as this suggests that there is some barrier in between them. Another technical element which I found that added to the effectiveness of the scene, was the lighting. In the point of view shot from Lesters perspective that showed that he was fixated on Angela, Angela was shown by herself in the frame. And as mentioned above, this is to point out that Lester only has his attention on Angela. The lighting used complemented the shot as the lighting helped to focus my attention on Lesters enlarged eyes and this showed me that he was being enchanted by what he was seeing. Another way the lighting was used in the scene was when Angela was shown alone in the frame and the background in the shot became a lot darker. At the same time, a bright light shined on Angela from above. The lighting in this shot is high contrast and low key. It is high contrast because the difference between the light and darkness is clear. Barsam states that low key lighting is when little or no fill light is used, the ratio between bright illumination and deep shadow is very high (Barsam 2007, p.152). This is shown in the shot because Angelas shadow can be seen behind her and shadows can be seen on the rest of Lesters face, excluding his eyes. I found that lighting contributed quite a lot in this scene. Firstly, I felt that the light shining solely on Angela portrays Angela as the object of Lesters attention. Barsam states that lighting thrown down on a character from above can be used for many different effects, (ie: vulnerability) (Barsam 2007, p.153). In the case of this scene, the light may be portraying the innocence and purity of Angela as she was a virgin throughout the entire film and as light can sometimes be affiliated with good and darkness with bad. The darkness in the background may represent her fake personality where she lies about her sexual experience to the people around her. The darkness surrounding Lester during the close up shots of him may be representing the sexual thoughts he fantasizes about in the scene. And thus the darkness surrounds him throughout the shots of him paying full attention to Angela. The second scene I will be analysing, is the scene towards the end of the film when Lesters fantasies and dreams are about to become reality. This scene is significant because it shows the second turn of events which transforms Lester again, but this time back to the mature person he once was, and also making him realize what it really meant to make him happy. This scene also makes use of composition and camera movement. The scene begins with Lester moving close towards Angela who is lying on the couch. The camera pans right while following Lester. I found this to build up suspense to what would happen next. And as the camera moves to the right, it moves back down. This is a dynamic shot with downward movement. Dynamic because of the movement within the frame and downward movement because the camera moves in a downward movement. According to Barsam, this downward movement implies a negative action (Barsam 2007, p.177). In this case, the negative action is Lesters sexual tendencies towards Angela who is a teenager. Barsam also mentions that the downward movement implies the loss of something (Barsam 2007, p.177). In this case, the loss is of Angelas virginity. The next shot is of Angela appearing at a 45 degree angle in the frame. This is known as a Dutch-angle shot. According to Barsam, a Dutch-angle shot is when the camera is tilted from its normal horizontal and vertical position so that it is no longer straight, giving the viewer the impression that the world in the frame is out of balance (Barsam 2007, p.174). The Dutch-angle accentuates the unnatural nature of the actions in the frame. In this case, it is of the unnatural reaction of Angela, who is about to have a sexual experience for the first time. As the scene continues, the camera pans from left to right and right to left following Lesters hands as they go up and down Angelas body. I found that this intensified the erotic feeling of the scene. In the next shot, the camera moves to a dynamic crane shot, showing Lesters hands unbuttoning Angelas shirt. According to Barsam, a crane shot is a shot made from a camera mounted onto an elevating arm that, in turn, is mounted on a vehicle capable of moving by its own power resulting in it being more flexible due to the freedom of horizontal and vertical movement. The shot is then followed by a shot-reverse shot of Angela and Lester looking at one another. In the scene, Angela was given the low angle shot, looking up at Lester. Barsam states that a low-angle shot is made with the camera below the action and typically places the observer in the position of feeling helpless in the presence of a superior force (Barsam 2007, 171). In other words, a low-angle shot emphasizes anxiety, fear and vulnerability. The fact that Angela is looking up at Lester also implies that Lester is in control. However, I noticed during the crane shots, Angelas position in the frame is always higher than Les ters. In a way, this implies that she is pure and innocent because good elements are usually given a higher position over bad elements (eg: Heaven up, Hell down). In the next shot, Angela reveals to Lester that she is a virgin. At this point, the shot goes back to Lester, who is in a Dutch-angle shot smiles and asks if Angela was kidding. The reason for the Dutch-angle shot is because Lester has realized what he was doing was unnatural. After this shot, is the second major turning point in Lesters transformation, where he finally realizes after all this while, that being lustful for a teenager wasnt what it meant to be happy. The lighting technique used in this scene seemed to portray the light and darkness symbolic meaning that was mentioned above. Throughout the entire scene, there was always a light shining down on Angela but Lester was always kept in darkness. And with composition of Angelas white shirt and the soft light shining on it emphasizing the white colour of the shirt, the light represents purity and innocence because Angela is a virgin. Whereas, the darkness that surrounds Lester, and the minimal lighting shining on his hands as he moves his hands up and down Angelas body represents the impurity of his actions. The lighting used throughout this scene was low contrast and low key. Low contrast because the lighting used was dim and rather gray. In the final shots of the scene, the lighting used were low contrast and low key as well because that implies a sense of mystery. As a viewer, although Lester had come to realize what it meant to achieve happiness, there was something which kept me wondering what would happen. And true enough, the film ended with Lester getting killed. Throughout the film, there were many more cinematographic elements used which emphasized the personalities and characteristics of each character such as high-angle shots, the use of short-focal-length lenses and Long takes. However, because I interpreted the movie as Lesters transformations through being reborn, I found that the cinematographic qualities used in the two scenes I analysed to be the most significant in my interpretation of and emotional response to American Beauty.

Understanding Business Ethics

Explain the implications for the business and stakeholders of a business operating ethically. A stakeholder is a person, group, or organization that has direct or indirect stake in an organization because it can affect or be affected by the organization's actions, objectives, and policies. Key stakeholders in a business organization include creditors, customers, employees, government, owners, suppliers, unions and the community from which the business draws its resources. Tesco is committed to conducting business in an ethical and socially responsible manner. This relates to all aspects of their business, treating employees, customers, suppliers and shareholders in a fair and honest manner and ensuring that there are constant and open channels of communication. Tesco has Codes of Ethics for its employees, which includes a policy on the receipt of gifts and a grievance procedure that covers employment issues. Similar essay: How Does Tesco Communicate With Their Customers Tesco has a confidential telephone help line, Protector Line, for any employee who wishes to raise concerns relating to alleged criminal offences, failure to comply with legal obligations, miscarriages of justice, health and safety, damage to the environment and concealment of any of these issues. These are Tesco’s stakeholders: Customers: The employees hear customers' views on everything from how Tesco are serving them in their stores to their role in the community. Customers are looking to buy products; they are looking for a wide range of products. They also want easy accessibility to the premises and hope to buy quality products at competitive prices. They are really important because they provide the money for the store to be successful. Also an expanding amount of customers mean more profit for the business. Most customers expect fresh fruit and vegetables at high quality for good value. Employees: Employees gives Tesco their feedback through the Viewpoint staff survey, Staff Question Time sessions and their Staff Forum process. May want an increase in pay rise. Employees have a very big interest in Tesco; they have an interest in the business in the form of wages, bonuses, discounts, and holiday pensions. The business may be affected by how well their employees do in customer service. If a customer experiences poor customer service, it is more like that they will tell someone else that if they got a good customer service. Therefore employees need the right type of customer training in order to be successful to the business. Suppliers: Tesco’s core value is â€Å"treat people how we like to be treated†, and it's something they apply firmly to their supplier relationships. Suppliers stock the business with all its business supplies; if they are late then it causes conflict between business and suppliers. Therefore, it is vital that all the business supplies are on time. Suppliers are probably the third important part in a business, they provide the products and if they are not on time it poses a great threat to the financial state of a business. On the other hand, suppliers aren’t that important in decision making because they’re scared of losing their contract with Tesco. The main jobs of the suppliers are to sell fresh stock daily at market price. Investors: Tesco’s Investor Relations team regularly meet analysts from the financial institutions which invest in them or represent their shareholders. In contrast it may want a decrease in pay rise for their employees. The owners are probably one of the most important people in a business, they set rules. More importantly they expect repeat business profits and respectable customers.

The Military in Art

The word propaganda has come to have sinister overtones though this was not always the case. Propaganda today evokes images of sinister lies and obfuscations told by enemies of the state to sway the minds of the citizens. Yet in a larger sense all art is propaganda to some degree and military art is propaganda on a grand scale. Art is designed to cause an emotional response in the viewer. Throughout history artists have served the state, willingly or not so willingly, in an effort to further the aims of the government, be it republic or clan of elders.   Those works of art that are most effective are those that hit the viewer viscerally and cause a response that is near equal to the actual event being depicted in the art work. The works mentioned here are like that. I served in the United States Air Force for six years as a military policeman. I have traveled to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Korea. I have seen artwork that has evoked emotion in me and I have seen art that was truly representational of the events I have seen. James Dietz’ work, I Shall Defeat Them on the Battlefield, can be found as a limited edition print from the online gallery of the artist. The image size is 36† x 21.5 â€Å". It depicts the United States Army 75th Ranger Unit on the ground. This unit remains the Army’s premier special operations force capable of conducting a full spectrum of operations to include direct action raids and forced entry operations (JamesDietz.com). Dietz depicts an action scene in a dim setting. In the background is the skyline of a city that was ancient in the days when Christ walked the lands of the Middle East. The modern warriors, carrying firearms and dressed in body armor seem incongruent beneath the palms and the domed edifices creating the negative space in the lower portion of the sky. An automobile is in the streets where camels would seem more at home, juxtaposed in contrast to the ancient city and the modern warriors, signifying a delivery system of enemy fire. First Boots on the Ground, by William Phillips, is now available as a limited edition print, measuring 31† x 19 â€Å". It is a classic scene from the Viet Nam era, featuring a sky filled with helicopters and reminiscent of Apocalypse Now. The work depicts the 1965 battle of La Drang Valley, famous for its intensity.   â€Å"At 10:48 the helicopter touches down, and Lt. Col. Moore, Sgt. Major Plumley, Capt. Metsker, Bob Ovellette, Al Bosse and Vietnamese translator Mr. Nik become the first boots on the ground at La Drang† (OzarkAirFieldsArtworks 2005). This art is compelling and personal to me for it depicts the ultimate in warfare, that time when the soldier commits and becomes a weapon aimed at the heart of the enemy. He has left the relative safety of the helicopter. He no longer is behind the line depending on artillery or mortar fire, but rather advances, putting his life on the line as he moves inexorably toward the opposing warrior. Charlene Cooper’s moving artwork, titled with the acronym B.O.M.B., signifying Blood of My Brothers, is a drawing in graphite and colored pencil. The intense blue of the flag is complimented by the red of the tear streaming down the face of the warrior. It appeals to me for reasons that would be clear to most combat veterans, as it shows the side of a soldier seldom seen or discussed openly. The man holds a folded American Flag as that single tear, executed in the red of blood, is seen to escape his eye. He shows the pent up emotion which soldiers rarely display and gives the viewer the understanding that he is a flesh and blood creature, endowed with all the sentiment and feeling of any other man. He is proud of the job he has done, but keenly aware of the price that was ultimately paid by so many of his friends and compatriots. I find Cooper’s work the most compelling of these three, for it appeals to a side of me that is most often hidden from the view of others. It touches me in a place where I am alone with my feelings and appeals to me on a spiritual level. Even her choice of title is compelling, bringing to the piece a thought-provoking message that transcends the art and gives the viewer ideas that there is more to the piece than what appears on the surface, making it multi-leveled and multi-dimensional. Works Cited Artwanted.com  Ã‚  Ã‚   2007 B.O.M.B. (Blood of My Brothers) Retrieved 10-8-2007 From: http://www.artwanted.com/imageview.cfm?id=458010  Ã‚  Ã‚   JamesDietz.com 2007 I Shall Defeat Them on the Battlefield Retrieved 10-8-2007 OzarkAirFieldArtworks.com  Ã‚   2005   First Boots on the Ground Retrieved 10-8- 2007 from: http://www.ozarkairfieldartworks.com/firstbootsontheground.html                      .

Biography of Rosa Parks, Civil Rights Pioneer

Biography of Rosa Parks, Civil Rights Pioneer Rosa Parks (February 4, 1913–October 24, 2005) was a civil rights activist in Alabama when she refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery bus to a white person: her case touched off the Montgomery Bus Boycott and was a significant milestone forcing the Supreme Court to end segregation. She once said, When people made up their minds that they wanted to be free and took action, then there was change. But they couldnt rest on just that change. It has to continue. Parks words encapsulate her work as a symbol of the Civil Rights Movement. Fast Facts Known For: Civil rights activist in the American south of 1950s and 1960sBorn: February 4, 1913, in Tuskegee, Alabama, USAParents: James and Leona Edwards McCauley  Died: October 24, 2005, in Detroit, MichiganEducation: Alabama State Teachers College for NegroesSpouse: Raymond ParksChildren: None Early Life Born Rosa Louise McCauley on February 4, 1913 in Tuskegee, Alabama. Her mother, Leona Edwards was a teacher and her father James McCauley, was a carpenter. Early in Parks childhood, she moved to Pine Level, right outside the capitol of Montgomery. Parks was a member of the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME) and attended primary school until the age of 11. Everyday Parks walked to school and realized the disparity between black and white children. In her biography, Parks recalled Id see the bus pass every day. But to me, that was a way of life; we had no choice but to accept what was the custom. The bus was among the first ways I realized there was a black world and white world. Education and Family Parks continued her education at the Alabama State Teachers College for Negroes for Secondary Education. However, after a few semesters, Parks returned home to care for her ailing mother and grandmother. In 1932, Parks married Raymond Parks, a barber and member of the NAACP. Through her husband, Parks became involved in the NAACP as well, helping to raise money for the Scottsboro Boys. In the daytime, Parks worked as a maid and hospital aide before finally receiving her high school diploma in 1933. Civil Rights Movement In 1943, Parks became even more involved in the Civil Rights Movement and was elected secretary of the NAACP. Of this experience, Parks said, I was the only woman there, and they needed a secretary, and I was too timid to say no. The following year, Parks used her role as secretary to research the gang rape of Recy Taylor. As a result, other local activist established the Committee for Equal Justice for Mrs. Recy Taylor. Through the help of newspapers such as Chicago Defender the incident received national attention. While working for a liberal white couple, Parks was encouraged to attend the Highlander Folk School, a center for activism in workers rights and social equality. Following her education at this school, Parks attended a meeting in Montgomery address the Emmitt Till case. At the end of the meeting, it was decided that African-Americans needed to do more to fight for their rights. The Montgomery Bus Boycott It was 1955 and just a few weeks before Christmas and Rosa Parks boarded a bus after working as a seamstress. Taking a seat in the colored section of the bus, Parks was asked by a white man to get up and move so that he could sit. Parks refused. As a result, the police were called and Parks was arrested. Parks refusal ignited the Montgomery Bus Boycott, a protest that lasted 381 days and pushed Martin Luther King Jr. into the national spotlight. Throughout the boycott, King referred to Parks as the great fuse that led to the modern stride toward freedom. Parks was not the first woman to refuse to give up her seat on a public bus. In 1945, Irene Morgan was arrested for the same act. And several months before Parks, Sarah Louise Keys and Claudette Covin committed the same transgression. However, NAACP leaders argued that Parks- with her long history as a local activist- would be able to see a court challenge through. As a result, Parks was considered an iconic figure in the Civil Rights Movement and the fight against racism and segregation in the United States. Following the Boycott Although Parks courage allowed her to become a symbol of the growing movement, she and her husband suffered severely. Park was fired from her job at the local department store. No longer feeling safe in Montgomery, the Parks moved to Detroit as part of the Great Migration. While living in Detroit, Parks served as secretary for U.S. Representative John Conyers from 1965 to 1969. Following her retirement, Parks wrote an autobiography and lived a private life. In 1979, Parks received the Spingarn Medal from the NAACP. She was also the recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the Congressional Gold Medal When Parks died in Detroit on October 24, 2005, she became the first woman and second non-U.S. government official to lie in honor at the Capitol Rotunda. Sources Rosa Parks, civil rights pioneer, dies. The New York Times, October 25, 2005.  Rowbotham, Sheila. Rosa Parks: Activist whose refusal to give up her bus seat ignited the US civil rights movement. The Guardian, October 25, 2005.Sullivan, Patricia. Bus Ride Shook a Nations Conscience. Washington Post, October 25, 2005.  Theoharis, Jeanne. The Rebellious Life of Mrs. Rosa Parks. Boston: Beacon Press, 2013.

Discussion Questions to Use in English Conversation

Discussion Questions to Use in English Conversation Asking good questions is essential to having interesting conversations. Sometimes, its difficult to come up with good questions when learning a new language like English. Here are several questions divided up by category to help classes improve their conversational skills by discussing topics that play an important role in their daily life. If you are teaching questions, can feel free to print out the questions for use in class. If you are learning English on your own, use these questions as cues to help you have conversations with other English learning friends or English speakers. Language Learning Do you speak any other languages?How many languages do you speak?Which languages do you speak?How long have you been studying English?How much do you study English every day?What is the most difficult thing about English for you?Are you studying American English or British English?Does listening to songs in English help you learn the language? How?Why are you studying English?Do you use English at work? If yes, how do you use English at work?Do you use the Internet to help you with English? If yes, how do you use the internet to help you with English?What is the easiest thing about English for you?How do you learn new vocabulary in English?In your opinion, what is the best way to learn English?Do other people in your family speak English?How do you think English will be helpful for your future?What could you do to improve your English even more?Which activities do you find most helpful in English class?Which activities do you find least helpful in English class?Do you think learning English with a native English speaker is a good idea? Education Are you a student?Where are you currently studying?How long have you been studying?If you are not a student, when did you finish studying?What did you study when you were a student?Which classes do you like the most?Which classes do you like the least?Which classes do you think will help you the most in the future?Which classes do you think arent necessary for your future?Who is your favorite teacher? Why?How often do you go to school?How much homework do you have to do?Are you going to graduate soon? If so, when?Which techniques help you with your homework?How important are computers for your studies?Do you go to university? If so, what is your major?What could your teachers do to help you learn more?Is higher education expensive in your country?How often do you skip class?How do you have to take tests? Hobbies and Activities Do you have any hobbies?How do you stay fit?Do you play any sports? If so, which sports do you play?In your opinion, what are the advantages of team sports?In your opinion, what are the advantages of individual sports?How do hobbies help people enjoy life?Do you belong to any clubs? If so, which clubs do you belong to?How much time do you spend doing your hobbies?What type of outdoor activities do you enjoy?What type of indoor activities do you enjoy?How long have you been doing your favorite hobby?How many different types of hobbies can you name?Can you name any of the hobbies of your friends?How much do you spend on your free time activities?Is your hobby expensive? If so, why?Have you made any friends through your hobbies?What days of the week do you do your hobbies?Where do you go to participate in your hobby?Which hobby would you like to take up?Do you think everyone should have a hobby? If so, why? Money and Work Do you have a job? If so, what is it?How important is money to happiness?What do you enjoy about your job?Whats the most challenging part of your work?Whats the most satisfying part of your work?Describe your colleagues.Would you like to try another profession? If so, which?How long have you been working at your current job?Do you invest any of your savings?How do you take care of budgeting?How many people work in your family? What do they do?Is unemployment a problem in your country?What type of education do you need for your profession?What type of continuing education do you do for your profession?In your opinion, how important is a big salary to job satisfaction?Have you ever had a promotion? If so, when were you last promoted?Describe your boss.Do you enjoy working with people?Which sector do you work in?Do you have a retirement plan at work? Family and Friends How many siblings do you have?Are you married? If so, tell me about your husband / wife.Who is your best friend? Tell me about him / her.Do you have any children? How many children do you have?Do you have a lot of acquaintances?How do you make new friends?Whats a good way to make new friends?What type of things do you like doing with your friends?Which activities do you enjoy doing as a family?Do you eat together as a family? If so, which meals?Tell me about your favorite aunt or uncle. Why are they your favorite?If you dont have any children, would you like to have children?Do you spend more time with your family or your friends?Do you have a boyfriend or a girlfriend? If so, tell me about them.What bothers you about your brother or sister?What bothers you about your father or mother?Are you an only child?How would you describe your best friend?Have you ever done business with friends or family? If so, what was it like?What should parents do or not do for their children? Technology How important is technology in modern life?Which technologies do you use at work?Which technological gadgets do you have?How much time do you spend on the computer?Do you use social media? If so, how much time do you spend on social media?Which technology could you live without?Which technology could you not live without?In your opinion, whats the most important type of technology in our lives?Are you comfortable using a computer?Do you think we can trust what we read on the internet?How can we recognize if something is trustworthy on the internet?What type of device would you like to buy?How much money do you spend on technology every year?Can you program a computer? If not, would you like to learn?Do you spend more time watching TV or surfing the internet?Do you ever shop online? If so, what type of things do you buy online?What would happen if we lost electricity for a long period of time?If you could, would you use less or more technology every day?What type of technology do you find frustrating? Which type of technology do you find the most helpful in your daily life?

Answer the questions after read articles (Life Science) Article

Answer the questions after read articles (Life Science) - Article Example Based on these the basic organization of life was classified under 5 major divisions namely: Animalia, Plantea, Fungi, Protista and Monera. With the advent of new technologies and fossil records many scientists believe that kingdom Protista and Fungi cannot constitute a separate lineage as higher classes of organisms are believed to have evolved from these unicellular eukaryotes. Additionally the kingdom Monera which includes the prokaryotic life forms cannot be classified along with the others as there is a primary distinction between prokaryotes and the other eukaryotic organisms. The advent of sequencing has made the molecular sequences accessible which has in turn fuelled the need for a more formal taxonomical classification using the available molecular data. Hence these scientific breakthroughs have called for a new hierarchical system of classification. Archeabacteria resemble eubacteria more closely on a molecular level. The evolution of photosynthetic eubacteria along with archea and possibly eukaryotes dates back to 3 to 4 billion years ago. Archeabacteria resemble prokaryotes in their cell cytology but on the molecular level they resemble eubacteria. However, with the exception of some differences the archeabacterial molecules bear a close resemblance to the eukaryotic counterparts. The Bt gene discovered from the organism Bacillus thuringiensis, has the ability to destroy corn borers such as caterpillars by damaging their guts. Hence this gene was isolated from the bacterium and introduced into corn. Other similar genetically modified foods include tomatoes, rice and potatoes. The monarch caterpillar eats leaves of milkweed which is present in roadsides and edges of fields. The present study revealed that these caterpillars died after munching the milkweed leaves which contained Bt corn pollen. However, in California the government has passed laws to protect the habitat of these monarch caterpillars due to the increasing threats

Nuclear Medicine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nuclear Medicine - Essay Example Preparation of patient mostly is dependent on the type of procedure that will be performed. Allergy must be checked for radioactive tracer material used. Some of the procedures such as a bone scan do not need intensive patient preparation, but some require. A good example is thyroid body scan. When a patient is being prepared for thyroid test he or she should be instructed to speak with the technologist directly before the procedure is undertaken. The patient should be instructed to stop all thyroid medication since they may be falsely detected as a pathology with the machine. Before stopping the medication, they should seek clarification from the doctor. The patients sometimes are instructed to fast for two hours for the effectiveness of the nuclear medicine procedure (Chia-Ho, 2014). Nuclear medicine has many advantages. One is the advantage painless and less not invasive. It can help to diagnose, treat even predict the outcome of a wide range of condition without causing a lot of trauma to the patient. It helps to detect pathology within the body at the early time that in turn can help control the condition ahead of time. Nuclear medicine can also help to check how well the cancers are responding to therapy. Nuclear medicines also have a share of disadvantages and limitation. It involves exposure to ionizing radiation that can cause mutation if they are in huge doses. Some of the radioactive tracer materials injected into bodies have an allergic reaction that can be very detrimental. Hence, it is necessary to test for the presence of allergy with radioactive tracer material before nuclear medicine procedure is commenced. A time sedation may be needed because nuclear medicine procedure a time make patient feels claustrophobic (Mititelu, 2014) Most of the ailments that are diagnosed and treated with nuclear medicine are internal. This ailment will otherwise require a surgical procedure to be done for the diagnosis or therapeutic procedure to be done.